Yeast Physiology Group, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Cells. 2021 Jun 7;10(6):1422. doi: 10.3390/cells10061422.
The Rho family of GTPases represents highly conserved molecular switches involved in a plethora of physiological processes. Fission yeast has become a fundamental model organism to study the functions of Rho GTPases over the past few decades. In recent years, another fission yeast species, , has come into focus offering insight into evolutionary changes within the genus. Both fission yeasts contain only six Rho-type GTPases that are spatiotemporally controlled by multiple guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and whose intricate regulation in response to external cues is starting to be uncovered. In the present review, we will outline and discuss the current knowledge and recent advances on how the fission yeasts Rho family GTPases regulate essential physiological processes such as morphogenesis and polarity, cellular integrity, cytokinesis and cellular differentiation.
Rho 家族 GTPases 是高度保守的分子开关，参与多种生理过程。在过去的几十年里，裂殖酵母已成为研究 Rho GTPases 功能的基本模式生物。近年来，另一种裂殖酵母 也成为了研究焦点，为该属内的进化变化提供了深入了解。两种裂殖酵母都只含有六种 Rho 型 GTPases，它们受多种鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子（GEFs）和 GTP 酶激活蛋白（GAPs）的时空控制，其对外界信号的复杂调节机制正在逐渐被揭示。在本综述中，我们将概述和讨论裂殖酵母 Rho 家族 GTPases 如何调节形态发生和极性、细胞完整性、胞质分裂和细胞分化等重要生理过程的最新知识和进展。
