Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Jun 10;13(6):412. doi: 10.3390/toxins13060412.
Fungal spoilage is one of the main reasons of economic losses in the food industry, especially in the wine sector. Consequently, the search for safer and new preservation techniques has gained importance in recent years. The objective of this study was to investigate the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic activity from 28 microorganisms (MO) isolated from red grape. The antifungal activity of a cell free supernatant of fermented medium by the isolated MO (CFS) was tested with the agar diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) assay. Additionally, different antifungal compounds from the CFS were identified and quantified (organic acids, phenolic compounds, and volatile organic compounds). Finally, the most active CFS were tested as red grape bio-preservative agents. Results evidenced that CFS fermented by the strain UTA 6 had the highest antifungal activity, above all isolates, and produced a wide pool of antifungal compounds. The use of UTA 6 CFS as bio-preservative agent showed a reduction of 0.4 and 0.6 log spores per gram of fruit in grapes contaminated by and , respectively. Moreover, UTA 6 CFS treatment reduced the occurrence of aflatoxin B and fumonisin (B, B, and B) production in grapes contaminated by 28-100%.
真菌腐败是食品工业（尤其是葡萄酒行业）经济损失的主要原因之一。因此，近年来，寻找更安全和新的保鲜技术变得尤为重要。本研究的目的是研究从红葡萄中分离的 28 种微生物（MO）的抗真菌和抗产毒活性。采用琼脂扩散法和最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MFC）测定法，检测了分离 MO 发酵培养基的无细胞上清液（CFS）的抗真菌活性。此外，还对 CFS 中的不同抗真菌化合物（有机酸、酚类化合物和挥发性有机化合物）进行了鉴定和定量分析。最后，测试了最有效的 CFS 作为红葡萄生物防腐剂的效果。结果表明，菌株 UTA 6 发酵的 CFS 具有最高的抗真菌活性，优于所有分离株，并产生了广泛的抗真菌化合物。将 UTA 6 CFS 用作生物防腐剂，可使受 和 污染的葡萄中每克果实的孢子数分别减少 0.4 和 0.6 个对数。此外，UTA 6 CFS 处理可降低受 污染的葡萄中黄曲霉毒素 B 和伏马菌素（B、B 和 B）的产生，降低率为 28-100%。
