Tofilski Adam, Căuia Eliza, Siceanu Adrian, Vișan Gabriela Oana, Căuia Dumitru
Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
Honeybee Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Institute for Beekeeping Research and Development, Blv Ficusului, No. 42, Sector 1, 013975 Bucharest, Romania.
Insects. 2021 Jun 10;12(6):542. doi: 10.3390/insects12060542.
The honey bee () is an ecologically and economically important species that provides pollination services to natural and agricultural systems. The biodiversity of the honey bee is being endangered by the mass import of non-native queens. In many locations, it is not clear how the local populations have been affected by hybridisation between native and non-native bees. There is especially little information about temporal changes in hybridisation. In Romania, naturally occurs, and earlier studies show that there are two subpopulations separated by the Carpathian Mountains. In this study, we investigated how the arrangement of veins in bees' wings (venation) has changed in Romanian honey bees in the last four decades. We found that in the contemporary population of Romanian bees, there are still clear differences between the intra- and extra-Carpathian subpopulations, which indicates that natural variation among honey bees is still being preserved. We also found significant differences between bees collected before and after 2000. The observed temporal changes in wing venation are most likely caused by hybridisation between native bees and non-native bees sporadically introduced by beekeepers. In order to facilitate conservation and the monitoring of native Romanian bees, we developed a method facilitating their identification.
蜜蜂（）是一种在生态和经济方面都很重要的物种，它为自然和农业系统提供授粉服务。蜜蜂的生物多样性正因大量引进非本地蜂王而受到威胁。在许多地区，尚不清楚本地蜂群是如何受到本地蜜蜂与非本地蜜蜂杂交影响的。关于杂交的时间变化，相关信息尤其匮乏。在罗马尼亚，蜜蜂自然存在，早期研究表明，有两个亚种群被喀尔巴阡山脉隔开。在本研究中，我们调查了过去四十年来罗马尼亚蜜蜂翅膀上的脉序（翅脉）是如何变化的。我们发现，在当代罗马尼亚蜜蜂种群中，喀尔巴阡山脉内和山脉外的亚种群之间仍然存在明显差异，这表明蜜蜂之间的自然变异仍在保留。我们还发现2000年前后采集的蜜蜂之间存在显著差异。观察到的翅脉时间变化很可能是由本地蜜蜂与养蜂人偶尔引入的非本地蜜蜂杂交所致。为了促进罗马尼亚本地蜜蜂的保护和监测，我们开发了一种便于识别它们的方法。
