Kotilahti Janne, Burset Pablo, Moskalets Michael, Flindt Christian
Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
Department of Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Entropy (Basel). 2021 Jun 10;23(6):736. doi: 10.3390/e23060736.
The development of dynamic single-electron sources has made it possible to observe and manipulate the quantum properties of individual charge carriers in mesoscopic circuits. Here, we investigate multi-particle effects in an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer driven by a series of voltage pulses. To this end, we employ a Floquet scattering formalism to evaluate the interference current and the visibility in the outputs of the interferometer. An injected multi-particle state can be described by its first-order correlation function, which we decompose into a sum of elementary correlation functions that each represent a single particle. Each particle in the pulse contributes independently to the interference current, while the visibility (given by the maximal interference current) exhibits a Fraunhofer-like diffraction pattern caused by the multi-particle interference between different particles in the pulse. For a sequence of multi-particle pulses, the visibility resembles the diffraction pattern from a grid, with the role of the grid and the spacing between the slits being played by the pulses and the time delay between them. Our findings may be observed in future experiments by injecting multi-particle pulses into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
动态单电子源的发展使得在介观电路中观察和操纵单个电荷载流子的量子特性成为可能。在此，我们研究由一系列电压脉冲驱动的电子马赫-曾德尔干涉仪中的多粒子效应。为此，我们采用弗洛凯散射形式来评估干涉电流和干涉仪输出中的可见度。注入的多粒子态可以用其一阶关联函数来描述，我们将其分解为一系列基本关联函数的和，每个基本关联函数代表一个单粒子。脉冲中的每个粒子对干涉电流的贡献是独立的，而可见度（由最大干涉电流给出）呈现出由脉冲中不同粒子之间的多粒子干涉引起的类似夫琅禾费衍射的图样。对于一系列多粒子脉冲，可见度类似于来自一个网格的衍射图样，其中网格的作用以及狭缝之间的间距分别由脉冲及其之间的时间延迟来扮演。我们的发现可能会在未来的实验中通过将多粒子脉冲注入马赫-曾德尔干涉仪来观察到。
