Keller Roberto, Costa Tatiana, Imperiale Daniele, Bianco Annamaria, Rondini Elisa, Hassiotis Angela, Bertelli Marco O
Adult Autism Centre, Mental Health Department, ASL Città di Torino, 10138 Turin, Italy.
Neurology Unit, Maria Vittoria Hospital, ASL Città di Torino, 10144 Turin, Italy.
Brain Sci. 2021 Jun 8;11(6):762. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11060762.
Stereotypic behaviour can be defined as a clear behavioural pattern where a specific function or target cannot be identified, although it delays on time. Nonetheless, repetitive and stereotypical behaviours play a key role in both animal and human behaviour. Similar behaviours are observed across species, in typical human developmental phases, and in some neuropsychiatric conditions, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Intellectual Disability. This evidence led to the spread of animal models of repetitive behaviours to better understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these dysfunctional behaviours and to gain better insight into their role and origin within ASD and other disorders. This, in turn, could lead to new treatments of those disorders in humans.
This paper maps the literature on repetitive behaviours in animal models of ASD, in order to improve understanding of stereotypies in persons with ASD in terms of characterization, pathophysiology, genomic and anatomical factors.
Literature mapping confirmed that phylogenic approach and animal models may help to improve understanding and differentiation of stereotypies in ASD. Some repetitive behaviours appear to be interconnected and mediated by common genomic and anatomical factors across species, mainly by alterations of basal ganglia circuitry. A new distinction between stereotypies and autotypies should be considered.
Phylogenic approach and studies on animal models may support clinical issues related to stereotypies in persons with ASD and provide new insights in classification, pathogenesis, and management.
刻板行为可定义为一种明确的行为模式，在这种模式下，尽管行为会持续一段时间，但无法确定其特定功能或目标。然而，重复性和刻板行为在动物和人类行为中都起着关键作用。在不同物种、人类典型发育阶段以及一些神经精神疾病（如自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和智力障碍）中都观察到了类似行为。这些证据促使重复性行为动物模型得以推广，以便更好地理解这些功能失调行为背后的神经生物学机制，并更深入地了解它们在ASD和其他疾病中的作用及起源。这反过来可能会为人类这些疾病带来新的治疗方法。
本文梳理了关于ASD动物模型中重复性行为的文献，以增进对ASD患者刻板行为在特征、病理生理学、基因组和解剖学因素方面的理解。
文献梳理证实，系统发育方法和动物模型可能有助于增进对ASD中刻板行为的理解和区分。一些重复性行为似乎相互关联，并由跨物种的共同基因组和解剖学因素介导，主要是基底神经节回路的改变。应考虑对刻板行为和自典型行为进行新的区分。
系统发育方法和动物模型研究可能有助于解决与ASD患者刻板行为相关的临床问题，并为分类、发病机制和管理提供新的见解。
