Mohan Denesh, Teong Zee Khai, Sajab Mohd Shaiful, Kamarudin Nur Hidayatul Nazirah, Kaco Hatika
Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Jun 8;13(12):1912. doi: 10.3390/polym13121912.
The tendency to use cellulose fibrils for direct ink writing (DIW) of three-dimensional (3D) printing has been growing extensively due to their advantageous mechanical properties. However, retaining cellulose in its fibrillated forms after the printing process has always been a challenge. In this study, cellulose macrofibrils (CMFs) from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers were partially dissolved for consistent viscosity needed for DIW 3D printing. The printed CMF structure obtained from optimized printing profiles (volumetric flow rate, Q = 9.58 mm/s; print speed, v = 20 mm/s), exhibited excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 66 MPa, Young's modulus of 2.16 GPa, and elongation of 8.76%). The remarkable structural and morphological effects of the intact cellulose fibrils show a homogeneous distribution with synthesized precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO) nanoparticles. The shear-aligned CMF/CaCO printed composite exhibited a sustained therapeutic drug release profile that can reduce rapid release that has adverse effects on healthy cells. In comparison with the initial burst release of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by CaCO, the controlled release of 5-fluorouracil can be varied (48 to 75%) with the composition of CMF/CaCO allowing efficient release over time.
由于其有利的机械性能，使用纤维素原纤维进行三维（3D）打印的直接墨水书写（DIW）的趋势一直在广泛增长。然而，在打印过程之后将纤维素保持在其原纤化形式一直是一个挑战。在本研究中，将来自油棕空果串（OPEFB）纤维的纤维素大原纤（CMF）部分溶解，以获得DIW 3D打印所需的一致粘度。从优化的打印参数（体积流速，Q = 9.58 mm/s；打印速度，v = 20 mm/s）获得的打印CMF结构表现出优异的机械性能（拉伸强度为66 MPa，杨氏模量为2.16 GPa，伸长率为8.76%）。完整纤维素原纤维显著的结构和形态效应显示出与合成沉淀碳酸钙（CaCO）纳米颗粒的均匀分布。剪切排列的CMF/CaCO打印复合材料表现出持续的治疗药物释放曲线，可减少对健康细胞有不利影响的快速释放。与CaCO对5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）的初始突释相比，5-氟尿嘧啶的控释可随CMF/CaCO的组成而变化（48%至75%），从而实现随时间的有效释放。
