Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Medicine, Medical Institute, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 A. Nevskogo ul., 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia.
Department of hygiene, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1, Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia.
Nutrients. 2021 Jun 20;13(6):2116. doi: 10.3390/nu13062116.
The Kaliningrad region is known for its specific climate, which can negatively affect the adaptive potential of the body. This manifests in an increased incidence of respiratory diseases and skin conditions. To prevent high morbidity, a plant protein product was included in the diet of first-year university students. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of this food intervention in preventing the most common diseases among Kaliningrad students. Two groups of university students took part in the food trial. In the control group, catabolic processes prevailed in nutrient metabolism. Disadaptation manifested itself in the metabolism of proteins, vitamins, minerals, hematopoiesis and humoral immunity. Inflammation was indicated by α1- and α2-globulins, a weak immune response, and IgM and IgG. High oxidative stress and low antioxidative ability of blood serum were observed. The plant-based protein product (FP) helped preserve testosterone level and prevent an increase in catabolic reactions. Moreover, it had a positive effect on both red blood cell hematopoiesis (a smaller increase in the average volume of erythrocytes, the same average concentration and content of hemoglobin, an increased relative red cell distribution width (RDW) and white blood cell hematopoiesis (a beneficial effect for the immune system: lymphocytes, the relative content of neutrophils, monocytes, basophils and eosinophils). The stimulation of humoral immunity was evidenced by beta- and gamma-globulins, an active immune response, the level of IgM and IgG, antioxidant protection, reduction of peroxides and an increase in antioxidant activity of blood serum. The 34-week observation showed a 1.7-fold decrease in the incidence of respiratory illnesses and a 5.7-fold decrease in skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases. Acute respiratory infections were reduced 1.8-fold. There were no cases of community-acquired pneumonia in the treatment group, compared with 55.1‰ in the control group. The incidence of respiratory diseases was 3.3-10.6 times lower in the treatment group than in the control group in weeks 6-19. The findings testify to the prophylactic effect of functional food during social adaptation and acclimatization of students.
加里宁格勒地区以其特殊的气候而闻名，这种气候可能会对身体的适应能力产生负面影响。这表现在呼吸道疾病和皮肤疾病的发病率增加。为了预防高发病率，在一年级大学生的饮食中加入了一种植物蛋白产品。本研究旨在评估这种饮食干预在预防加里宁格勒学生最常见疾病方面的有效性。两组大学生参加了食品试验。在对照组中，营养代谢中分解代谢过程占主导地位。不适应表现在蛋白质、维生素、矿物质、造血和体液免疫的代谢上。α1-和α2-球蛋白、免疫反应较弱以及 IgM 和 IgG 表明存在炎症。观察到氧化应激高和血清抗氧化能力低。植物蛋白产品 (FP) 有助于维持睾酮水平并防止分解代谢反应增加。此外，它对红细胞造血（红细胞平均体积增加较小，血红蛋白平均浓度和含量相同，相对红细胞分布宽度增加，白细胞造血（对免疫系统有积极影响：淋巴细胞，中性粒细胞、单核细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的相对含量）产生积极影响。β-和γ-球蛋白表明体液免疫受到刺激，免疫反应活跃，IgM 和 IgG 水平、抗氧化保护、过氧化物减少以及血清抗氧化活性增加。34 周的观察表明，呼吸道疾病的发病率降低了 1.7 倍，皮肤和皮下组织疾病降低了 5.7 倍。急性呼吸道感染减少了 1.8 倍。治疗组没有社区获得性肺炎病例，而对照组为 55.1‰。在第 6 至 19 周，治疗组的呼吸道疾病发病率比对照组低 3.3-10.6 倍。研究结果证明了功能性食品在学生社会适应和适应过程中的预防作用。
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