Department of Plastic Restorative, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital "Dr. Georgi Stranski", Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria.
Clinic of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital "Dr. Georgi Stranski", Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jun 15;22(12):6395. doi: 10.3390/ijms22126395.
Melanoma develops from malignant transformations of the pigment-producing melanocytes. If located in the basal layer of the skin epidermis, melanoma is referred to as cutaneous, which is more frequent. However, as melanocytes are be found in the eyes, ears, gastrointestinal tract, genitalia, urinary system, and meninges, cases of mucosal melanoma or other types (e.g., ocular) may occur. The incidence and morbidity of cutaneous melanoma (cM) are constantly increasing worldwide. Australia and New Zealand are world leaders in this regard with a morbidity rate of 54/100,000 and a mortality rate of 5.6/100,000 for 2015. The aim of this review is to consolidate and present the data related to the aetiology and pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma, thus rendering them easier to understand. In this article we will discuss these problems and the possible impacts on treatment for this disease.
黑色素瘤由产生色素的黑素细胞的恶性转化发展而来。如果位于皮肤表皮的基底层，则称为皮肤黑色素瘤，更为常见。然而，由于黑素细胞存在于眼睛、耳朵、胃肠道、生殖器、泌尿系统和脑膜中，因此可能会出现黏膜黑色素瘤或其他类型（例如眼部）的黑色素瘤。全球范围内，皮肤黑色素瘤（cM）的发病率和患病率持续上升。澳大利亚和新西兰在这方面处于世界领先地位，2015 年发病率为 54/100000，死亡率为 5.6/100000。本综述的目的是整合和呈现与皮肤黑色素瘤病因和发病机制相关的数据，从而使其更容易理解。在本文中，我们将讨论这些问题及其对该疾病治疗的可能影响。
