Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
South China Sea Institute of Planning and Environmental Research, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, China.
Mar Drugs. 2021 Jun 12;19(6):336. doi: 10.3390/md19060336.
species, and , are harmful raphidophycean flagellates known to have hemolytic effects on many marine organisms and resulting in massive ecological damage worldwide. However, knowledge of the toxigenic mechanism of these ichthyotoxic flagellates is still limited. Light was reported to be responsible for the hemolytic activity (HA) of species. Therefore, the response of photoprotective, photosynthetic accessory pigments, the photosystem II (PSII) electron transport chain, as well as HA were investigated in non-axenic and cultures under variable environmental conditions (light, iron and addition of photosynthetic inhibitors). HA and hydrogen peroxide (HO) were quantified using erythrocytes and pHPA assay. Results confirmed that% HA of was initiated by light, but was not always elicited during cell division. Exponential growth of and under the light over 100 µmol m s or iron-sufficient conditions elicited high hemolytic activity. Inhibitors of PSII reduced the HA of , but had no effect on . The toxicological response indicated that HA in was not associated with the photoprotective system, i.e., xanthophyll cycle and regulation of reactive oxygen species, nor the PSII electron transport chain, but most likely occurred during energy transport through the light-harvesting antenna pigments. A positive, highly significant relationship between HA and chlorophyll (chl) biosynthesis pigments, especially chl and chl , in both species, indicated that hemolytic toxin may be generated during electron/energy transfer through the chl biosynthesis pathway.
种类和种类是有害的红藻鞭毛藻，已知对许多海洋生物具有溶血作用，导致全球范围内的大规模生态破坏。然而，这些鱼毒性鞭毛藻的毒理机制的知识仍然有限。据报道，光负责物种的溶血活性（HA）。因此，在可变环境条件下（光，铁和添加光合作用抑制剂），研究了非共生和培养物中的光保护，辅助光合作用色素，光系统 II（PSII）电子传递链以及 HA 的响应。使用红细胞和 pHPA 测定法定量测定 HA 和过氧化氢（HO）。结果证实，的% HA 是由光引发的，但并不总是在细胞分裂期间引发。在 100 µmol m s或铁充足的条件下，和的光下指数生长会引起高溶血活性。PSII 的抑制剂降低了的 HA，但对没有影响。毒理学反应表明，的 HA 与光保护系统，即叶黄素循环和活性氧的调节，或 PSII 电子传递链无关，但很可能发生在通过光捕获天线色素进行能量运输期间。与叶绿素（chl）生物合成色素之间存在正相关，高度显著的关系，特别是在两种物种中，chl 和 chl ，表明溶血毒素可能是在通过 chl 生物合成途径的电子/能量转移过程中产生的。
