Pellan Lucile, Dieye Cheikh Ahmeth Tidiane, Durand Noël, Fontana Angélique, Strub Caroline, Schorr-Galindo Sabine
Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France.
CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, 34398 Montpellier, France.
J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Jun 3;7(6):446. doi: 10.3390/jof7060446.
The aim of this study was to develop a set of experiments to screen and decipher the mechanisms of biocontrol agents (BCAs), isolated from commercial formulation, against two major mycotoxigenic fungi in cereals, and . These two phytopathogens produce mycotoxins harmful to human and animal health and are responsible for the massive use of pesticides, for the protection of cereals. It is therefore essential to better understand the mechanisms of action of alternative control strategies such as the use of BCAs in order to optimize their applications. The early and late stages of interaction between BCAs and pathogens were investigated from germination of spores to the effects on perithecia (survival form of pathogen). The analysis of antagonist activities of BCAs revealed different strategies of biocontrol where chronological, process combination and specialization aspects of interactions are discussed. main strategy is based on antibiosis with the secretion of several compounds with anti-fungal and anti-germination activity, but also a mixture of hydrolytic enzymes to attack pathogens, which compensates for an important deficit in terms of spatial colonization capacity. It has good abilities in terms of nutritional competition. is capable of activating a very wide range of defenses and attacks combining the synthesis of various antifungal compounds (metabolite, enzymes, VOCs), with different targets (spores, mycelium, mycotoxins), and direct action by mycoparasitism and mycophagy. Concerning , its efficiency is mainly due to its strong capacity to colonize the environment, with a direct action via microbial predation, stimulation of its reproduction at the contact of pathogens and the reduction of perithecia formation.
本研究的目的是开展一系列实验，以筛选和解读从商业制剂中分离出的生物防治剂（BCAs）针对谷物中两种主要产毒真菌的作用机制。这两种植物病原体产生对人类和动物健康有害的霉菌毒素，并且导致大量使用农药来保护谷物。因此，有必要更好地了解替代控制策略（如使用生物防治剂）的作用机制，以优化其应用。研究了生物防治剂与病原体相互作用的早期和晚期阶段，从孢子萌发到对子囊壳（病原体的存活形式）的影响。对生物防治剂拮抗活性的分析揭示了不同的生物防治策略，并讨论了相互作用的时间顺序、过程组合和专业化方面。主要策略基于抗生作用，分泌几种具有抗真菌和抗萌发活性的化合物，同时还分泌水解酶混合物来攻击病原体，这弥补了空间定殖能力方面的重要不足。它在营养竞争方面具有良好的能力。它能够激活非常广泛的防御和攻击机制，包括合成各种抗真菌化合物（代谢物、酶、挥发性有机化合物），作用于不同靶点（孢子、菌丝体、霉菌毒素）以及通过菌寄生和菌食作用直接发挥作用。关于[具体生物防治剂名称未给出]，其有效性主要归因于其强大的环境定殖能力，通过微生物捕食直接发挥作用，在接触病原体时刺激其繁殖并减少子囊壳形成。
