Caffaratti Clément, Plazy Caroline, Mery Geoffroy, Tidjani Abdoul-Razak, Fiorini Federica, Thiroux Sarah, Toussaint Bertrand, Hannani Dalil, Le Gouellec Audrey
Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France.
Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
Metabolites. 2021 Jun 21;11(6):406. doi: 10.3390/metabo11060406.
Trillions of microorganisms, termed the "microbiota", reside in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, and collectively participate in regulating the host phenotype. It is now clear that the gut microbiota, metabolites, and intestinal immune function are correlated, and that alterations of the complex and dynamic host-microbiota interactions can have deep consequences for host health. However, the mechanisms by which the immune system regulates the microbiota and by which the microbiota shapes host immunity are still not fully understood. This article discusses the contribution of metabolites in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and immune cells. The identification of key metabolites having a causal effect on immune responses and of the mechanisms involved can contribute to a deeper insight into host-microorganism relationships. This will allow a better understanding of the correlation between dysbiosis, microbial-based dysmetabolism, and pathogenesis, thus creating opportunities to develop microbiota-based therapeutics to improve human health. In particular, we systematically review the role of soluble and membrane-bound microbial metabolites in modulating host immunity in the gut, and of immune cells-derived metabolites affecting the microbiota, while discussing evidence of the bidirectional impact of this crosstalk. Furthermore, we discuss the potential strategies to hear the sound of such metabolite-mediated crosstalk.
数万亿被称为“微生物群”的微生物栖息在哺乳动物的胃肠道中，并共同参与调节宿主表型。现在已经清楚，肠道微生物群、代谢产物和肠道免疫功能是相互关联的，而且复杂且动态的宿主-微生物群相互作用的改变可能会对宿主健康产生深远影响。然而，免疫系统调节微生物群的机制以及微生物群塑造宿主免疫的机制仍未完全了解。本文讨论了代谢产物在肠道微生物群与免疫细胞相互作用中的作用。鉴定对免疫反应有因果影响的关键代谢产物及其相关机制，有助于更深入地了解宿主与微生物的关系。这将有助于更好地理解生态失调、基于微生物的代谢紊乱与发病机制之间的相关性，从而为开发基于微生物群的疗法以改善人类健康创造机会。特别是，我们系统地综述了可溶性和膜结合微生物代谢产物在调节肠道宿主免疫中的作用，以及免疫细胞衍生代谢产物对微生物群的影响，同时讨论了这种相互作用双向影响的证据。此外，我们还讨论了聆听这种代谢产物介导的相互作用声音的潜在策略。
