Basinska Teresa, Gadzinowski Mariusz, Mickiewicz Damian, Slomkowski Stanislaw
Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Jun 21;13(12):2022. doi: 10.3390/polym13122022.
Pure bioactive compounds alone can only be exceptionally administered in medical treatment. Usually, drugs are produced as various forms of active compounds and auxiliary substances, combinations assuring the desired healing functions. One of the important drug forms is represented by a combination of active substances and particle-shaped polymer in the nano- or micrometer size range. The review describes recent progress in this field balanced with basic information. After a brief introduction, the paper presents a concise overview of polymers used as components of nano- and microparticle drug carriers. Thereafter, progress in direct synthesis of polymer particles with functional groups is discussed. A section is devoted to formation of particles by self-assembly of homo- and copolymer-bearing functional groups. Special attention is focused on modification of the primary functional groups introduced during particle preparation, including introduction of ligands promoting anchorage of particles onto the chosen living cell types by interactions with specific receptors present in cell membranes. Particular attention is focused on progress in methods suitable for preparation of particles loaded with bioactive substances. The review ends with a brief discussion of the still not answered questions and unsolved problems.
单纯的生物活性化合物仅在极少数情况下用于医学治疗。通常，药物是以各种形式的活性化合物和辅助物质制成的，这些组合确保了所需的治疗功能。重要的药物形式之一是纳米或微米尺寸范围内的活性物质与颗粒状聚合物的组合。本综述在介绍基本信息的同时描述了该领域的最新进展。在简要介绍之后，本文简要概述了用作纳米和微粒药物载体成分的聚合物。此后，讨论了具有官能团的聚合物颗粒直接合成的进展。有一部分专门讨论了带有官能团的均聚物和共聚物通过自组装形成颗粒的情况。特别关注颗粒制备过程中引入的初级官能团的修饰，包括通过与细胞膜中存在的特定受体相互作用引入促进颗粒锚定到所选活细胞类型上的配体。特别关注适合制备负载生物活性物质颗粒的方法的进展。综述最后简要讨论了尚未解答的问题和未解决的难题。
