Aydos Kaan, Aydos Oya Sena
Department of Urology, Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Ankara, 06230 Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ankara, 06230 Ankara, Turkey.
J Clin Med. 2021 Jun 18;10(12):2687. doi: 10.3390/jcm10122687.
Retrieving spermatozoa from the testicles has been a great hope for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), but relevant methods have not yet been developed to the level necessary to provide resolutions for all cases of NOA. Although performing testicular sperm extraction under microscopic magnification has increased sperm retrieval rates, in vitro selection and processing of quality sperm plays an essential role in the success of in vitro fertilization. Moreover, sperm cryopreservation is widely used in assisted reproductive technologies, whether for therapeutic purposes or for future fertility preservation. In recent years, there have been new developments using advanced technologies to freeze and preserve even very small numbers of sperm for which conventional techniques are inadequate. The present review provides an up-to-date summary of current strategies for maximizing sperm recovery from surgically obtained testicular samples and, as an extension, optimization of in vitro sperm processing techniques in the management of NOA.
从睾丸中获取精子一直是梗阻性无精子症（NOA）患者的一大希望，但相关方法尚未发展到能够解决所有NOA病例的必要水平。尽管在显微镜放大下进行睾丸精子提取提高了精子获取率，但优质精子的体外选择和处理在体外受精成功中起着至关重要的作用。此外，精子冷冻保存广泛应用于辅助生殖技术，无论是用于治疗目的还是用于未来的生育力保存。近年来，利用先进技术冷冻保存极少量传统技术无法处理的精子有了新进展。本综述提供了当前从手术获取的睾丸样本中最大化精子回收率策略的最新总结，并进而对NOA管理中的体外精子处理技术优化进行了阐述。
