Ortega Miguel A, Sánchez-Trujillo Lara, Bravo Coral, Fraile-Martinez Oscar, García-Montero Cielo, Saez Miguel A, Alvarez-Mon Miguel A, Sainz Felipe, Alvarez-Mon Melchor, Bujan Julia, De Leon-Luis Juan A, García-Honduvilla Natalio
Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain.
Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Jun 18;10(6):980. doi: 10.3390/antiox10060980.
Chronic venous disease (CVD) encompasses a set of disorders of the venous system that have a high prevalence in Western societies and are associated with significant sociohealth costs. Pregnancy is a period in which different hormonal and haemodynamic changes occur that lead to significant changes in the cardiovascular system, increasing the risk of developing venous problems, especially during the third trimester of gestation. In turn, CVD involves a series of local and systemic alterations that can have negative repercussions in pregnancy. In this context, the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of this condition has been shown to significantly affect other vascular structures during pregnancy, such as the placenta. However, the effects of oxidative stress on the umbilical cord in women with CVD have not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyse the gene and protein expression of the enzymes NOX-1, NOX-2 and iNOS, which are involved in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, respectively. Similarly, the presence of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in the umbilical cord in women with CVD was compared to that of pregnant control women, and the levels of the lipid peroxidation marker malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in cord tissue and blood was also analysed. Our results support a significant increase in the enzymes NOX-1, NOX-2 and iNOS and HIF-1α and MDA in the umbilical cord tissue and blood of women with CVD. For the first time, our work demonstrates an increase in oxidative stress and cellular damage in the umbilical cords of pregnant women who develop this condition, deepening the understanding of the consequences of CVD during pregnancy.
慢性静脉疾病（CVD）包括一组静脉系统疾病，在西方社会中具有很高的患病率，并与巨大的社会健康成本相关。怀孕是一个发生不同激素和血流动力学变化的时期，这些变化会导致心血管系统发生显著变化，增加出现静脉问题的风险，尤其是在妊娠晚期。反过来，CVD涉及一系列局部和全身的改变，这些改变可能对怀孕产生负面影响。在这种情况下，氧化应激在这种疾病病理生理学中的作用已被证明在怀孕期间会显著影响其他血管结构，如胎盘。然而，氧化应激对患有CVD的女性脐带的影响尚未完全阐明。因此，本研究的目的是分析分别参与活性氧和氮物种产生的酶NOX-1、NOX-2和iNOS的基因和蛋白表达。同样，将患有CVD的女性脐带中缺氧诱导因子1-α（HIF-1α）的存在情况与怀孕对照组女性进行比较，并分析脐带组织和血液中脂质过氧化标志物丙二醛（MDA）的水平。我们的结果支持患有CVD的女性脐带组织和血液中NOX-1、NOX-2和iNOS以及HIF-1α和MDA显著增加。我们的工作首次证明了患有这种疾病的孕妇脐带中氧化应激和细胞损伤增加，加深了对CVD在怀孕期间后果的理解。
