Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland.
Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd. Galway Business Park, Dangan, H91 EH6C Galway, Ireland.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Jun 9;21(12):3975. doi: 10.3390/s21123975.
The emergence of specific drug-device combination products in the inhalable pharmaceutical industry demands more sophistication of device functionality in the form of an embedded sensing platform to increase patient safety and extend patent coverage. Controlling the nebuliser function at a miniaturised, integrated electrochemical sensing platform with rapid response time and supporting novel algorithms could deliver such a technology offering. Development of a nanoporous gold (NPG) electrochemical sensor capable of creating a unique fingerprint signal generated by inhalable pharmaceuticals provided the impetus for our study of the electrooxidation of salbutamol, which is the active bronchodilatory ingredient in Ventolin formulations. It was demonstrated that, at NPG-modified microdisc electrode arrays, salbutamol is distinguishable from the chloride excipient present at 0.0154 M using linear sweep voltammetry and can be detected amperometrically. In contrast, bare gold microdisc electrode arrays cannot afford such discrimination, as the potential for salbutamol oxidation and chloride adsorption reactions overlap. The discriminative power of NPG originates from the nanoconfinement effect for chloride in the internal pores of NPG, which selectively enhances the electron transfer kinetics of this more sluggish reaction relative to that of the faster, diffusion-controlled salbutamol oxidation. Sensing was performed at a fully integrated three-electrode cell-on-chip using Pt as a quasi-reference electrode.
在吸入式制药行业中，特定的药物-器械组合产品的出现要求器械功能更加复杂，采用嵌入式感测平台来提高患者安全性并延长专利保护期。在具有快速响应时间的微型化集成电化学感测平台上控制雾化器功能，并支持新型算法，可以提供这样的技术。开发一种纳米多孔金（NPG）电化学传感器，能够创建由吸入式药物产生的独特指纹信号，这为我们研究沙丁胺醇的电氧化提供了动力，沙丁胺醇是 Ventolin 制剂中具有活性的支气管扩张成分。结果表明，在 NPG 修饰的微盘电极阵列上，沙丁胺醇可以通过线性扫描伏安法与 0.0154 M 的氯化物赋形剂区分开来，并可以通过安培法检测。相比之下，裸露的金微盘电极阵列无法进行这种区分，因为沙丁胺醇氧化和氯化物吸附反应的电位重叠。NPG 的区分能力源于纳米限域效应，对于 NPG 内部孔中的氯化物，这种效应选择性地增强了较慢反应的电子转移动力学，相对于更快的扩散控制的沙丁胺醇氧化反应。在使用 Pt 作为准参比电极的完全集成三电极片上进行了感测。
