Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio, 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Jun 9;21(12):3996. doi: 10.3390/s21123996.
In the last few decades, a number of wearable systems for respiration monitoring that help to significantly reduce patients' discomfort and improve the reliability of measurements have been presented. A recent research trend in biosignal acquisition is focusing on the development of monolithic sensors for monitoring multiple vital signs, which could improve the simultaneous recording of different physiological data. This study presents a performance analysis of respiration monitoring performed via forcecardiography (FCG) sensors, as compared to ECG-derived respiration (EDR) and electroresistive respiration band (ERB), which was assumed as the reference. FCG is a novel technique that records the cardiac-induced vibrations of the chest wall via specific force sensors, which provide seismocardiogram-like information, along with a novel component that seems to be related to the ventricular volume variations. Simultaneous acquisitions were obtained from seven healthy subjects at rest, during both quiet breathing and forced respiration at higher and lower rates. The raw FCG sensor signals featured a large, low-frequency, respiratory component (R-FCG), in addition to the common FCG signal. Statistical analyses of R-FCG, EDR and ERB signals showed that FCG sensors ensure a more sensitive and precise detection of respiratory acts than EDR (sensitivity: 100% vs. 95.8%, positive predictive value: 98.9% vs. 92.5%), as well as a superior accuracy and precision in interbreath interval measurement (linear regression slopes and intercepts: 0.99, 0.026 s (R = 0.98) vs. 0.98, 0.11 s (R = 0.88), Bland-Altman limits of agreement: ±0.61 s vs. ±1.5 s). This study represents a first proof of concept for the simultaneous recording of respiration signals and forcecardiograms with a single, local, small, unobtrusive, cheap sensor. This would extend the scope of FCG to monitoring multiple vital signs, as well as to the analysis of cardiorespiratory interactions, also paving the way for the continuous, long-term monitoring of patients with heart and pulmonary diseases.
在过去的几十年中，已经提出了许多用于呼吸监测的可穿戴系统，这些系统有助于显著减轻患者的不适并提高测量的可靠性。生物信号采集的一个最新研究趋势是专注于开发用于监测多个生命体征的单片传感器，这可以改善不同生理数据的同时记录。本研究通过力心图（FCG）传感器进行呼吸监测的性能分析，与心电图衍生的呼吸（EDR）和电阻呼吸带（ERB）进行比较，后者被视为参考。FCG 是一种通过特定的力传感器记录胸壁心脏诱导振动的新技术，它提供类似于心冲击图的信息，以及一个似乎与心室容积变化有关的新组件。在休息时，从七个健康受试者同时采集了静息呼吸和更高和更低速率的强制呼吸时的原始 FCG 传感器信号。FCG 传感器信号除了常见的 FCG 信号外，还具有一个大的低频呼吸分量（R-FCG）。对 R-FCG、EDR 和 ERB 信号的统计分析表明，FCG 传感器比 EDR 更能敏感和精确地检测呼吸动作（灵敏度：100%比 95.8%，阳性预测值：98.9%比 92.5%），并且在呼吸间隔测量中具有更高的准确性和精度（线性回归斜率和截距：0.99、0.026 s（R = 0.98）比 0.98、0.11 s（R = 0.88），Bland-Altman 协议范围：±0.61 s 比 ±1.5 s）。本研究首次证明了使用单个本地小的无干扰廉价传感器同时记录呼吸信号和力心图的概念。这将扩展 FCG 的范围，以监测多个生命体征，以及分析心肺相互作用，也为心脏病和肺病患者的连续长期监测铺平了道路。
