Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Con Orientaciones en Inmunología y Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico.
Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico.
Cells. 2021 Jun 11;10(6):1469. doi: 10.3390/cells10061469.
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating innate immune cells and comprise the first immune defense line, as they are the most rapidly recruited cells at sites of infection or inflammation. Their main microbicidal mechanisms are degranulation, phagocytosis, cytokine secretion and the formation of extracellular traps. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a microbicidal mechanism that involves neutrophil death. Since their discovery, in vitro and in vivo neutrophils have been challenged with a range of stimuli capable of inducing or inhibiting NET formation, with the objective to understand its function and regulation in health and disease. These networks composed of DNA and granular components are capable of immobilizing and killing pathogens. They comprise enzymes such as myeloperoxidase, elastase, cathepsin G, acid hydrolases and cationic peptides, all with antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Therefore, the excessive formation of NETs can also lead to tissue damage and promote local and systemic inflammation. Based on this concept, in this review, we focus on the role of NETs in different infectious and inflammatory diseases of the mucosal epithelia and skin.
中性粒细胞是循环中最丰富的固有免疫细胞，构成了第一道免疫防线，因为它们是感染或炎症部位最快募集的细胞。它们的主要杀菌机制包括脱颗粒、吞噬作用、细胞因子分泌和细胞外陷阱的形成。中性粒细胞细胞外陷阱（NETs）是一种涉及中性粒细胞死亡的杀菌机制。自发现以来，体外和体内的中性粒细胞受到了一系列能够诱导或抑制 NET 形成的刺激物的挑战，目的是了解其在健康和疾病中的功能和调节。这些由 DNA 和颗粒成分组成的网络能够固定和杀死病原体。它们包含髓过氧化物酶、弹性蛋白酶、组织蛋白酶 G、酸性水解酶和阳离子肽等酶，具有抗菌和抗真菌活性。因此，NETs 的过度形成也会导致组织损伤并促进局部和全身炎症。基于这一概念，在这篇综述中，我们重点讨论了 NETs 在黏膜上皮和皮肤的不同感染和炎症性疾病中的作用。
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