Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-GV-UV, Moncada-Naquera Road km 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
Molecules. 2021 Jun 16;26(12):3688. doi: 10.3390/molecules26123688.
Pesticide residues are a threat to the health of the global population, not only to farmers, applicators, and other pesticide professionals. Humans are exposed through various routes such as food, skin, and inhalation. This study summarizes the different methods to assess and/or estimate human exposure to pesticide residues of the global population.
A systematic search was carried out on Scopus and web of science databases of studies on human exposure to pesticide residues since 2019.
The methods to estimate human health risk can be categorized as direct (determining the exposure through specific biomarkers in human matrices) or indirect (determining the levels in the environment and food and estimating the occurrence). The role that analytical techniques play was analyzed. In both cases, the application of generic solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up, followed by liquid or gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, is decisive. Advances within the analytical techniques have played an unquestionable role.
All these studies have contributed to an important advance in the knowledge of analytical techniques for the detection of pesticide levels and the subsequent assessment of nonoccupational human exposure.
农药残留不仅对农民、施药者和其他农药专业人员的健康构成威胁，也对全球人口的健康构成威胁。人类通过食物、皮肤和吸入等多种途径接触农药。本研究总结了评估和/或估计全球人口接触农药残留的不同方法。
对 2019 年以来关于人类接触农药残留的研究，在 Scopus 和 web of science 数据库中进行了系统检索。
估计人类健康风险的方法可以分为直接法（通过人体基质中的特定生物标志物来确定暴露情况）或间接法（通过环境、食物中的水平来确定，并估计发生情况）。分析技术的作用也进行了分析。在这两种情况下，通用溶剂萃取和固相萃取（SPE）净化，随后进行液体或气相色谱与质谱联用，都具有决定性作用。分析技术的进步发挥了不可置疑的作用。
所有这些研究都为检测农药水平以及随后评估非职业性人类接触的分析技术知识做出了重要贡献。
