Braman Charles A, Lambert Adam M, Özsoy A Zeynep, Hollstien Ellen N, Sheehy Kirsten A, McKinnon Tara, Moran Patrick, Gaskin John F, Goolsby John A, Dudley Thomas L
Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO 81501, USA.
Insects. 2021 Jun 29;12(7):588. doi: 10.3390/insects12070588.
(giant reed) is invasive in Mediterranean, sub-, and tropical riparian systems worldwide. The armored scale is approved for biocontrol in North America, but an adventive population was recently discovered in southern California. We documented this population's distribution, phylogeny, phenology, potential host spillover to ., and potential for parasitism by a common biocontrol parasitoid of citrus scale. The adventive scale was found within a single watershed and is genetically closest to Iberian scale genotypes. developed on haplotypes but at much lower densities than . The adventive population is univoltine, producing crawlers from March-June. parasitoids exhibited sustained interest in during choice and no-choice trials and oviposition resulted in a small second generation. appears limited in distribution by its univoltinism and sessile adult females. This presents challenges for broad biocontrol implementation but allows for targeted application. The genetic differentiation between imported biocontrol samples and adventive populations presents an opportunity for exploring benefits of hybrids and/or alternative genotypes where establishment has been difficult. While unlikely to occur in situ, spillover to vulnerable endemic or deleterious parasitoid effects on scale biocontrol agents warrants consideration when planning use of .
（巨芦苇）在全球的地中海、亚热带和热带河岸系统中具有入侵性。矢尖蚧已获批准在北美用于生物防治，但最近在南加州发现了一个外来种群。我们记录了该种群的分布、系统发育、物候、对……的潜在寄主溢出以及柑橘蚧常见生物防治寄生蜂的寄生潜力。外来蚧虫在一个单一流域内被发现，在基因上与伊比利亚蚧虫基因型最为接近。在……单倍型上发育，但密度远低于……。外来种群一年一代，在3月至6月产生若虫。在选择试验和非选择试验中，寄生蜂对……持续表现出兴趣，产卵导致了一小部分第二代。由于其一化性和固定不动的成年雌虫，……的分布似乎受到限制。这给广泛实施生物防治带来了挑战，但允许进行有针对性的应用。进口生物防治样本与外来种群之间的遗传差异为探索杂种和/或替代基因型在难以定殖地区的益处提供了机会。虽然不太可能在原地发生，但在规划……的使用时，向脆弱的本地……溢出或对蚧虫生物防治剂产生有害寄生蜂效应值得考虑。
