波多黎各 HPV 疫苗入学要求政策的数字媒体报道的内容分析。
Content analysis of digital media coverage of the human papillomavirus vaccine school-entry requirement policy in Puerto Rico.
机构信息
Puerto Rico Cancer Control and Population Sciences Division, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PO Box 36302, San Juan, 00936-3027, Puerto Rico.
Department of Health Services Administration, Evaluation Research of Health Systems Science Program, School of Public Health, Medical Science Campus, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2021 Jul 1;21(1):1286. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11311-9.
BACKGROUND
In August 2018, Puerto Rico (PR) became the 4th state or territory in the United States to adopt a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine school-entry requirement, for students 11-12 years old. Evidence suggests that the content of media coverage may impact people's perception of HPV vaccine and their willingness to vaccinate. This study aimed to analyze the content of digital news coverage related to the implementation of the policy in PR.
METHODS
A content review was conducted of digital media published from January 2017 through December 2018. The content reviewed was carried out in two steps: 1) creating a matrix to summarize each article's content about the policy and 2) qualitative analysis using a grounded theory approach.
RESULTS
The search resulted in 34 articles obtained from 17 online local and international news outlets that reported the policy's implementation. Analyses showed that 61% of the news articles did not mention the number of required doses, and 79% discussed the new policy concerning cancer prevention. In 2017, news coverage focused mostly on describing the policy, while 2018 coverage focused on controversies surrounding the implementation. Neutral emergent codes included: 1) Description of the policy; 2) Information about HPV related cancers; and 3) General information about HPV vaccine. Negative emergent codes included: 1) infringement to patient and parental autonomy; 2) Hesitancy from the political sector, and 3) Hesitancy from groups and coalitions. Positive content included: 1) knowledge and acceptance of HPV vaccine for cancer prevention; 2) importance of education and protective sexual behaviors; and 3) new vaccination law proposal.
CONCLUSIONS
Most of the media coverage in PR was neutral and included limited information related to the vaccine, HPV, and HPV-related cancers. Neutral and negative themes could influence public concerns regarding the new policy, as well as HPV vaccination rates in PR.
背景
2018 年 8 月，波多黎各（PR）成为美国第四个通过 HPV 疫苗学校入学要求的州或地区，适用于 11-12 岁的学生。有证据表明，媒体报道的内容可能会影响人们对 HPV 疫苗的看法及其接种意愿。本研究旨在分析 PR 实施该政策的数字新闻报道内容。
方法
对 2017 年 1 月至 2018 年 12 月期间发布的数字媒体进行内容审查。审查内容分为两步进行：1）创建一个矩阵，总结每篇文章关于政策的内容；2）使用扎根理论方法进行定性分析。
结果
搜索结果从 17 个在线本地和国际新闻媒体中获得了 34 篇报道该政策实施情况的文章。分析表明，61%的新闻文章没有提到所需剂量的数量，79%的文章讨论了新的癌症预防政策。2017 年，新闻报道主要集中在描述政策，而 2018 年的报道则集中在实施政策的争议上。中性新兴代码包括：1）政策描述；2）HPV 相关癌症信息；3）HPV 疫苗的一般信息。负面新兴代码包括：1）侵犯患者和家长自主权；2）政治部门的犹豫不决；3）群体和联盟的犹豫不决。积极的内容包括：1）对 HPV 疫苗预防癌症的认识和接受；2）教育和保护性行为的重要性；3）新的疫苗接种法提案。
结论
PR 的大部分媒体报道都是中立的，并且只包含与疫苗、HPV 和 HPV 相关癌症相关的有限信息。中性和负面主题可能会影响公众对新政策的关注，以及 PR 地区 HPV 疫苗接种率。
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