Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, 2052, Australia.
Skelet Muscle. 2021 Jul 1;11(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s13395-021-00265-6.
Striated muscle is a highly plastic and regenerative organ that regulates body movement, temperature, and metabolism-all the functions needed for an individual's health and well-being. The muscle connective tissue's main components are the extracellular matrix and its resident stromal cells, which continuously reshape it in embryonic development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors are enigmatic and transformative muscle-resident interstitial cells with mesenchymal stem/stromal cell properties. They act as cellular sentinels and physiological hubs for adult muscle homeostasis and regeneration by shaping the microenvironment by secreting a complex cocktail of extracellular matrix components, diffusible cytokines, ligands, and immune-modulatory factors. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors are the lineage precursors of specialized cells, including activated fibroblasts, adipocytes, and osteogenic cells after injury. Here, we discuss current research gaps, potential druggable developments, and outstanding questions about fibro-adipogenic progenitor origins, potency, and heterogeneity. Finally, we took advantage of recent advances in single-cell technologies combined with lineage tracing to unify the diversity of stromal fibro-adipogenic progenitors. Thus, this compelling review provides new cellular and molecular insights in comprehending the origins, definitions, markers, fate, and plasticity of murine and human fibro-adipogenic progenitors in muscle development, homeostasis, regeneration, and repair.
横纹肌是一种高度可塑和可再生的器官，它调节着身体的运动、体温和新陈代谢——所有这些功能都是个体健康和幸福所必需的。肌肉结缔组织的主要成分是细胞外基质及其驻留的基质细胞，它们在胚胎发育、内稳态和再生过程中不断重塑它。纤维脂肪祖细胞是神秘而具有转化能力的肌肉驻留间质细胞，具有间充质干细胞/基质细胞的特性。它们通过分泌细胞外基质成分、可扩散细胞因子、配体和免疫调节因子的复杂混合物，来塑造微环境，从而作为细胞哨兵和生理中心，调节成年肌肉内稳态和再生。纤维脂肪祖细胞是特殊细胞的谱系前体细胞，包括损伤后的激活成纤维细胞、脂肪细胞和成骨细胞。在这里，我们讨论了当前的研究空白、潜在的可开发药物靶点以及关于纤维脂肪祖细胞起源、潜能和异质性的悬而未决的问题。最后，我们利用单细胞技术的最新进展结合谱系追踪，统一了基质纤维脂肪祖细胞的多样性。因此，这篇引人入胜的综述提供了新的细胞和分子见解，有助于理解鼠类和人类纤维脂肪祖细胞在肌肉发育、内稳态、再生和修复中的起源、定义、标志物、命运和可塑性。
