Liu Qi-Xin, Wang Chang-Quan, Li Bing, Zhao Hai-Lan, Fang Hong-Yan, Deng Xi, Li Qi-Quan
College of Resources, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2021 Jul 8;42(7):3555-3564. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202007288.
The spatial distribution of fertilization intensity and its influencing factors are significant for the accurate management of fertilization and pollution prevention and control. Previous studies are mostly limited to the discussion of human factors that influences the spatial distribution of fertilization intensity while ignoring natural geographical factors. Based on the chemical fertilizer survey data collected from 23492 sites in Chengdu Plain and combined with Geostatistics analysis and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of average nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application intensity from 2010 to 2015 in this region were explored. The results show that:① the average annual application intensity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in the study area from 2010 to 2015 is generally in the low and medium risk intensity of 120-360 kg·hm and 60-180 kg·hm. The high risk intensity is mainly distributed in the grain (fruit) and vegetable growing areas such as Pidu, Pengzhou, Shifang, Longquanyi and Jintang, while the relatively low value areas are mostly distributed in the south and northeast. ② the nugget coefficients of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application intensities are 66.17% and 41.60%. Their spatial distribution is determined by structural and random factors, showing a moderate spatial autocorrelation. ③ both human and natural factors have significant effects on the application intensity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. The crop type (fine classification) can explain the spatial variation of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer respectively by 12.90% and 25.10%, which is the main controlling factor affecting the spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus application intensity; the importance of soil parent material is second only to the planting crop type, and the independent explanation ability of phosphorus application intensity is about 3.6 times higher than that of nitrogen application intensity. When the type of planting crop plays a decisive role, the soil parent material still deeply restricts and affects the spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application intensity in the study area. Therefore, the comprehensive effects of planting crop types and soil parent materials should be considered in fertilization management and environmental risk analysis, and the effects of soil parent material should also be taken into account in the application of phosphate fertilizer.
施肥强度的空间分布及其影响因素对于精准施肥管理和污染防治具有重要意义。以往研究大多局限于对影响施肥强度空间分布的人为因素的讨论，而忽视了自然地理因素。基于从成都平原23492个样点收集的化肥调查数据，并结合地统计学分析和地理信息系统（GIS）技术，探讨了该地区2010—2015年氮、磷化肥平均施用量强度的空间分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明：①2010—2015年研究区氮、磷化肥年均施用量强度总体处于120～360 kg·hm和60～180 kg·hm的中低风险强度等级。高风险强度区主要分布在郫都、彭州、什邡、龙泉驿和金堂等粮（果）蔬种植区，而相对低值区大多分布在南部和东北部。②氮、磷化肥施用量强度的块金系数分别为66.17%和41.60%；其空间分布由结构性因素和随机性因素共同决定，呈现中等程度的空间自相关性。③人为因素和自然因素均对氮、磷化肥施用量强度有显著影响。作物类型（细分类）对氮肥和磷肥空间变异的解释力分别为12.90%和25.10%，是影响氮、磷施用量强度空间分布的主要控制因素；土壤母质的重要性仅次于种植作物类型，其对磷肥施用量强度的独立解释能力约为氮肥的3.6倍。在种植作物类型起决定性作用的同时，土壤母质仍对研究区氮、磷化肥施用量强度的空间分布具有深刻的制约和影响。因此在施肥管理和环境风险分析中应综合考虑种植作物类型和土壤母质的作用，在磷肥施用中也应考虑土壤母质的影响。
