School of Environmental Science and Engineering, America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Nov;28(44):62782-62795. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-15207-4. Epub 2021 Jul 2.
Benzovindiflupyr has received increasing attention as a new novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI)-type fungicide. Nonetheless, its traces remaining in soil potentially trigger an ecotoxicological threat to soil organisms including earthworms. This paper evaluates the eco-toxicity of different benzovindiflupyr doses (0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mg kg) on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) after long-term exposure. Consequently, benzovindiflupyr at higher doses significantly inhibited the activities of respiratory chain complex II and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in E. fetida. Besides, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were significantly induced in earthworms when treated with this fungicide. After benzovindiflupyr exposure, activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were activated. However, glutathione S-transferase activity in E. fetida was initially induced then inhibited in earthworms after treatment. Furthermore, benzovindiflupyr exposure induced the protein carbonylation (PCO) level in cells indicating oxidative damage to the cellular protein. Due to the destruction of the normal function in the coelomocytes, the phagocytic activity was initially activated, then inhibited when earthworms were treated at 5 and 10 mg kg concentrations. Additionally, DNA damage was induced (larger olive tail moment (OTM) values) with the increase of benzovindiflupyr doses and exposure time. The weight was significantly decreased after benzovindiflupyr exposure on days 21 and 28. Benzovindiflupyr at higher doses significantly decreased the reproduction (number of cocoons and juveniles) of E. fetida. These findings reveal that benzovindiflupyr potentially induces a potential toxicological risk to earthworms when applied in the mentioned above dosages.
苯并呋吡氟有越来越多的关注作为一种新型琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂（SDHI）- 型杀菌剂。尽管如此，其在土壤中的残留可能会对土壤生物（包括蚯蚓）造成生态毒性威胁。本文评价了不同苯并呋吡氟剂量（0.1、1、5 和 10mgkg）对长期暴露后的蚯蚓（赤子爱胜蚓）的生态毒性。结果表明，高剂量的苯并呋吡氟显著抑制了赤子爱胜蚓呼吸链复合物 II 和琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）的活性。此外，该杀菌剂处理蚯蚓时，活性氧（ROS）和脂质过氧化（LPO）显著增加。苯并呋吡氟暴露后，抗氧化酶包括过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性被激活。然而，赤子爱胜蚓中的谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶活性在处理后先被诱导，然后被抑制。此外，苯并呋吡氟暴露诱导了细胞蛋白羰基化（PCO）水平，表明细胞蛋白受到氧化损伤。由于对体腔细胞正常功能的破坏，吞噬活性在蚯蚓处理 5 和 10mgkg 浓度时最初被激活，然后被抑制。此外，随着苯并呋吡氟剂量和暴露时间的增加，DNA 损伤被诱导（更大的橄榄尾矩（OTM）值）。苯并呋吡氟暴露后，体重在第 21 天和第 28 天显著下降。高剂量的苯并呋吡氟显著降低了赤子爱胜蚓的繁殖（茧和幼体的数量）。这些发现表明，在上述剂量下使用苯并呋吡氟可能会对蚯蚓产生潜在的毒理学风险。
