College of Resources and Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
College of Resources and Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Aug;241:113796. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113796. Epub 2022 Jun 22.
As a flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is commonly added to various daily products. Due to its easy diffusion, TPHP pollution has become a global concern. Despite the wide focus on environmental risk, the sub-chronic ecotoxicity of TPHP in soil organisms remains unclear. In this study, the artificial soil exposure method was used to analyze the oxidative stress and DNA damage in earthworms with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg TPHP treatments through the response of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA) and olive tail moment (OTM) at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Throughout the experimental period, the results showed that the ROS content in earthworms treated with 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg TPHP treatments increased by 9.43-18.37 %, 6.07-25.73 %, 7.71-42.61 % and 8.22-46.70 %, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Meanwhile, the activities of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes in earthworms with all TPHP treatments were significantly activated after exposure for 7 and 14 days, and then inhibited at 21 and 28 days. Despite the protection of antioxidant enzymes and detoxification enzymes, MDA content in earthworms with the 20 mg/kg treatment still significantly increased at 7 and 14 days of exposure, as well as in the other three treatments. Compared to the control treatment, the obviously higher OTM values in earthworms with TPHP treatments possibly indicated a genotoxicity of TPHP in earthworms. Furthermore, the integrated biomarker response index (IBRv2) revealed that earthworms showed an obvious biochemical response TPHP-contaminated soil, which was strongly correlated with TPHP concentrations and exposure time. This study provides insights into the TPHP hazard in the soil environment and offers a reference to assess its environmental risk to soil ecosystems.
作为一种阻燃剂，磷酸三苯酯（TPHP）通常添加到各种日常产品中。由于其易于扩散，TPHP 污染已成为全球性关注的问题。尽管人们广泛关注环境风险，但 TPHP 对土壤生物的亚慢性生态毒性仍不清楚。在这项研究中，采用人工土壤暴露法，通过分析 0、20、40、60 和 80mg/kg TPHP 处理组蚯蚓体内活性氧（ROS）、抗氧化和解毒酶、丙二醛（MDA）和橄榄尾矩（OTM）的响应，研究了 7、14、21 和 28 天的亚慢性生态毒性。在整个实验期间，结果表明，与对照组相比，暴露于 20、40、60 和 80mg/kg TPHP 处理组的蚯蚓体内 ROS 含量分别增加了 9.43-18.37%、6.07-25.73%、7.71-42.61%和 8.22-46.70%。同时，所有 TPHP 处理组的蚯蚓体内抗氧化和解毒酶的活性在暴露 7 天和 14 天后均显著激活，然后在 21 天和 28 天受到抑制。尽管抗氧化酶和解毒酶发挥了保护作用，但在暴露 7 天和 14 天内，20mg/kg 处理组的蚯蚓体内 MDA 含量仍显著增加，其他三种处理组也是如此。与对照组相比，TPHP 处理组蚯蚓的 OTM 值明显升高，这可能表明 TPHP 对蚯蚓具有遗传毒性。此外，综合生物标志物反应指数（IBRv2）表明，蚯蚓对 TPHP 污染土壤表现出明显的生化反应，这与 TPHP 浓度和暴露时间密切相关。本研究为了解 TPHP 在土壤环境中的危害提供了依据，并为评估其对土壤生态系统的环境风险提供了参考。
