表面增强拉曼光谱法比较不同阶段伤寒和结核患者的血清样本。
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for comparison of serum samples of typhoid and tuberculosis patients of different stages.
机构信息
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
出版信息
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021 Sep;35:102426. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102426. Epub 2021 Jul 1.
BACKGROUND
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a reliable tool for the identification and differentiation of two different human pathological conditions sharing the same symptomology, typhoid and tuberculosis (TB).
OBJECTIVES
To explore the potential of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for differentiation of two different diseases showing the same symptoms and analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminate analysis (PLS-DA).
METHODS
Serum samples of clinically diagnosed typhoid and tuberculosis infected individuals were analyzed and differentiated by SERS using silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as a SERS substrate. For this purpose, the collected serum samples were analyzed under the SERS instrument and unique SERS spectra of typhoid and tuberculosis were compared showing notable spectral differences in protein, lipid and carbohydrates features. Different stages of the diseased class of typhoid (Early acute and late acute stage) and tuberculosis (Pulmonary and extra-pulmonary stage) were compared with each other and with healthy human serum samples, which were significantly separated. Moreover, SERS data was analyzed using multivariate data analysis techniques including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) and differences were so prominent to observe.
RESULTS
SERS Spectral data of typhoid and tuberculosis showed clear differences and were significantly separated using PCA. SERS spectral data of both stages of typhoid and tuberculosis were separated according to 1st principle component. Moreover, by analyzing data using partial least square discriminate analysis, differentiation of two disease classes were considered more valid with a 100% value of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.
CONCLUSION
SERS can be employed for identification and comparison of two different human pathological conditions sharing same symptomology.
背景
表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）是一种可靠的工具，可用于识别和区分两种具有相同症状的人类病理状况，即伤寒和结核病（TB）。
目的
探索表面增强拉曼光谱在区分两种表现出相同症状的不同疾病中的潜力，并通过主成分分析（PCA）和偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）进行分析。
方法
使用银纳米粒子（Ag NPs）作为 SERS 基底，通过 SERS 对临床诊断的伤寒和结核病感染个体的血清样本进行分析和区分。为此，在 SERS 仪器下分析收集的血清样本，并比较伤寒和结核病的独特 SERS 光谱，显示蛋白质、脂质和碳水化合物特征方面存在明显的光谱差异。将不同阶段的伤寒（早期急性和晚期急性阶段）和结核病（肺和肺外阶段）与健康人血清样本进行比较，结果发现它们之间存在明显的分离。此外，使用多元数据分析技术（包括主成分分析（PCA）和偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA））对 SERS 数据进行分析，并观察到明显的差异。
结果
伤寒和结核病的 SERS 光谱数据显示出明显的差异，并使用 PCA 进行了显著分离。根据第一主成分，伤寒和结核病的两个阶段的 SERS 光谱数据均得到分离。此外，通过使用偏最小二乘判别分析对数据进行分析，两种疾病类别的区分被认为更有效，其灵敏度、特异性和准确性均达到 100%。
结论
SERS 可用于识别和比较两种具有相同症状的人类病理状况。
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