Aston Medical School, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
Biol Chem. 2021 Jul 5;402(8):887-909. doi: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0121. Print 2021 Jul 27.
The placenta is a highly vascularized and complex foetal organ that performs various tasks, crucial to a healthy pregnancy. Its dysfunction leads to complications such as stillbirth, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. The specific cause of placental dysfunction remains unknown. Recently, the role of mitochondrial function and mitochondrial adaptations in the context of angiogenesis and placental dysfunction is getting more attention. The required energy for placental remodelling, nutrient transport, hormone synthesis, and the reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative stress, stemming from mitochondria. Mitochondria adapt to environmental changes and have been shown to adjust their oxygen and nutrient use to best support placental angiogenesis and foetal development. Angiogenesis is the process by which blood vessels form and is essential for the delivery of nutrients to the body. This process is regulated by different factors, pro-angiogenic factors and anti-angiogenic factors, such as sFlt-1. Increased circulating sFlt-1 levels have been linked to different preeclamptic phenotypes. One of many effects of increased sFlt-1 levels, is the dysregulation of mitochondrial function. This review covers mitochondrial adaptations during placentation, the importance of the anti-angiogenic factor sFlt-1in placental dysfunction and its role in the dysregulation of mitochondrial function.
胎盘是一种高度血管化和复杂的胎儿器官，具有多种功能，对健康妊娠至关重要。其功能障碍会导致胎儿死亡、子痫前期和宫内生长受限等并发症。胎盘功能障碍的确切原因尚不清楚。最近，线粒体功能和线粒体适应在血管生成和胎盘功能障碍中的作用越来越受到关注。胎盘重塑、营养物质运输、激素合成和活性氧引起的氧化应激需要能量，这些能量来自线粒体。线粒体适应环境变化，已被证明可以调整其氧气和营养物质的利用，以最好地支持胎盘血管生成和胎儿发育。血管生成是血管形成的过程，对向身体输送营养物质至关重要。这个过程受到不同因素的调节，如促血管生成因子和抗血管生成因子，如 sFlt-1。循环中 sFlt-1 水平的升高与不同的子痫前期表型有关。sFlt-1 水平升高的众多影响之一是线粒体功能的失调。这篇综述涵盖了胎盘形成过程中的线粒体适应、抗血管生成因子 sFlt-1 在胎盘功能障碍中的重要性及其在线粒体功能失调中的作用。
