Department of Radiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Department of Radiology, Royal Free London NHS Trust, London, UK.
J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2021 Dec;65(7):888-895. doi: 10.1111/1754-9485.13280. Epub 2021 Jul 4.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a form of cardiopulmonary support primarily used in cardiothoracic and intensive care unit (ICU) settings. The purpose of this review is to familiarise radiologists with the imaging features of ECMO devices, their associated complications and appropriate imaging protocols for contrast-enhanced CT imaging of ECMO patients. This paper will provide a brief introduction to ECMO and the imaging modalities utilised in ECMO patients, followed by a description of the types of ECMO available and cannula positioning. Indications and contraindications for ECMO will be outlined followed by a description of the complications associated with ECMO, which radiologists should recognise. Finally, the imaging protocol and interpretation of contrast-enhanced CT imaging in ECMO patients will be discussed. In the current clinical climate with millions of COVID-19 cases around the world and tens of thousands of critically ill patients, many requiring cardiopulmonary support in intensive care units, the use of ECMO in adults has increased, and thus so has the volume of imaging. Radiologists need to be familiar with the types of ECMO available, the correct positioning of the catheters depending on the type of ECMO being utilised, and the associated complications and imaging artefacts.
体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）是一种心肺支持形式，主要用于心胸和重症监护病房（ICU）环境。本综述的目的是使放射科医生熟悉 ECMO 设备的影像学特征、其相关并发症以及 ECMO 患者对比增强 CT 成像的适当成像方案。本文将简要介绍 ECMO 以及在 ECMO 患者中使用的成像方式，随后描述可用的 ECMO 类型和插管定位。将概述 ECMO 的适应证和禁忌证，然后描述与 ECMO 相关的并发症，放射科医生应识别这些并发症。最后，将讨论 ECMO 患者对比增强 CT 成像的成像方案和解释。在当前全球有数百万人感染 COVID-19 病例和成千上万的重症患者的临床情况下，许多人在重症监护病房需要心肺支持，成人中 ECMO 的使用增加了，因此成像量也增加了。放射科医生需要熟悉可用的 ECMO 类型、根据使用的 ECMO 类型正确定位导管以及相关并发症和成像伪影。
