Duffy Joseph R, Utianski Rene L, Josephs Keith A
Departments of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Aphasiology. 2021;35(4):560-591. doi: 10.1080/02687038.2020.1787732. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
Apraxia of speech (AOS) can be caused by neurodegenerative disease and sometimes is its presenting sign (i.e., primary progressive apraxia of speech, PPAOS). During the last several decades our understanding of PPAOS has evolved from clinical recognition to a fuller understanding of its core and associated clinical features, its distinction from but relationship with primary progressive aphasia, its temporal course and eventual progression to include other neurological deficits, and its neuroimaging correlates and underlying pathology.
This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the literature that has built the current knowledge base about PPAOS and progressive AOS as it co-occurs with progressive aphasia. It reviews the history of its emergence as a recognized syndrome; its relationship with the agrammatic/nonfluent variant of primary progressive aphasia; its salient perceptual features and subtypes; the acoustic and structural/physiological imaging measures that index its presence, severity, and distinction from aphasia; and principles and available data regarding its management and care.
A broad summary of what is known about AOS as a manifestation of neurodegenerative disease.
Primary progressive apraxia of speech is a recognizable syndrome that can be distinguished from other neurodegenerative conditions that affect speech and language.
言语失用症（AOS）可由神经退行性疾病引起，有时是其首发症状（即原发性进行性言语失用症，PPAOS）。在过去几十年里，我们对PPAOS的认识已从临床识别发展到对其核心及相关临床特征、与原发性进行性失语症的区别及关系、时间进程以及最终进展为包括其他神经功能缺损的更全面理解，还有其神经影像学相关表现及潜在病理。
本文全面总结了构建当前关于PPAOS及与进行性失语症同时出现的进行性AOS知识库的文献。回顾了其作为一种公认综合征出现的历史；与原发性进行性失语症的语法缺失/非流利变体的关系；其显著的感知特征和亚型；用于指示其存在、严重程度以及与失语症区别的声学和结构/生理成像测量方法；以及关于其管理和护理的原则及现有数据。
对作为神经退行性疾病表现的AOS的已知情况进行广泛总结。
原发性进行性言语失用症是一种可识别的综合征，可与影响言语和语言的其他神经退行性疾病相区分。
