Zhujiang New Town Clinic, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Jun 17;11:670211. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.670211. eCollection 2021.
The contamination of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) is a serious problem and directly affects the dental care. This study aims to explore the microbial community of biofilm in DUWL from different specialties and investigate the associated factors. A total of 36 biofilm samples from 18 DUWL of six specialties (, prosthodontics, orthodontics, pediatrics, endodontics, oral surgery, and periodontics) at two time points (, before and after daily dental practice) were collected with a novel method. Genomic DNA of samples was extracted, and then 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (V3-V4 regions) and ITS2 gene were amplified and sequenced. Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank test were adopted for statistical analysis. Microbial community with high diversity of bacteria (631 genera), fungi (193 genera), and viridiplantae was detected in the biofilm samples. Proteobacteria was the dominant bacteria (representing over 65.74-95.98% of the total sequences), and the dominant fungi was Ascomycota (93.9-99.3%). Microorganisms belonging to multiple genera involved in human diseases were detected including 25 genera of bacteria and eight genera of fungi, with relative abundance of six genera over 1% (, , , , , , and ). The biofilm microbiome may be influenced by the characteristics of dental specialty and routine work to some extent. The age of dental chair unit and overall number of patients had the strongest impact on the overall bacteria composition, and the effect of daily dental practices (associated with number of patients and dental specialty) on the fungi composition was the greatest. For the first time, biofilm in DUWL related to dental specialty was comprehensively evaluated, with more abundance of bacterial and fungal communities than in water samples. Biofilm accumulation with daily work and multiple kinds of opportunistic pathogen emphasized the infectious risk with dental care and the importance of biofilm control.
牙科治疗设备供水管路（DUWL）的污染是一个严重的问题，直接影响着牙科治疗。本研究旨在探索不同专业的 DUWL 生物膜中的微生物群落，并调查相关因素。采用一种新的方法，共采集了来自六个专业（修复科、正畸科、儿科、牙髓病科、口腔外科和牙周科）的 18 个 DUWL 的 36 个生物膜样本（共两个时间点，即每日牙科治疗前后）。用提取样本的基因组 DNA，然后扩增和测序 16S 核糖体 DNA（rDNA）（V3-V4 区）和 ITS2 基因。采用 Kruskal-Wallis 和 Wilcoxon 秩检验进行统计分析。在生物膜样本中检测到具有高细菌多样性（631 属）、真菌多样性（193 属）和绿色植物多样性的微生物群落。变形菌门是优势细菌（占总序列的 65.74%-95.98%），优势真菌为子囊菌门（93.9%-99.3%）。检测到多种与人类疾病有关的微生物，包括 25 属细菌和 8 属真菌，其中 6 属的相对丰度超过 1%（,,,,,, 和 ）。生物膜微生物组可能在一定程度上受到牙科专业和常规工作的特征的影响。牙科椅单元的年龄和总体患者数量对总体细菌组成的影响最大，而日常牙科工作（与患者数量和牙科专业相关）对真菌组成的影响最大。首次全面评估了与牙科专业相关的 DUWL 生物膜，其细菌和真菌群落的丰度均高于水样。与日常工作和多种机会性病原体相关的生物膜积累强调了牙科护理的感染风险以及生物膜控制的重要性。
