State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Oct 1;222:112479. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112479. Epub 2021 Jul 2.
Lead is a widely distributed priority controlled heavy metals in aquatic system, its toxicity to aquatic organisms affected by water quality parameters. This study investigated the acute toxicity of lead (Pb) to the aquatic organisms in Taihu Lake under various water hardness, corresponding regional water quality criteria were derived. The acute toxicity experimental results revealed that the toxicity of Pb to aquatic organisms increased with water hardness. The Pb toxicity has a highest toxicity at water hardness 50 mg/L (expressed as CaCO), especially for Palaemon modestus where the 96 h LC value was 0.024 mg/L. The hazardous concentration for 5% of biological species (HC) values were determined via species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method as 94.0 μg/L, 222.3 μg/L and 375.8 μg/L for Pb at water hardness 50, 150, and 250 mg/L, respectively. The assessment factor (AF) value was set at 2, followed by the current SSD framework where European commission recommend a fixed AF of 5-1. Thus, the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) values was 47.0 μg/L, 111.2 μg/Land 187.9 μg/L at water hardness 50, 150, and 250 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the short-term water quality criteria of Pb for Taihu lake aquatic organisms were derived as 111.2 μg/L at water hardness 150 mg CaCO/L. The long-term water quality criteria were derived as 4.3 μg/L by using acute/chronic ratio 51.29. When the derived value was used for Taihu Lake, 2.7% of the sampling sites in Taihu Lake was exceeded this criterion. The results of this study can provide technical methods and basic information for deriving Pb regional water quality criteria for protecting native aquatic organisms, in China.
铅是一种广泛分布的优先控制的重金属，在水生系统中，其对水生生物的毒性受水质参数的影响。本研究在不同水硬度下研究了铅（Pb）对太湖水生生物的急性毒性，推导出相应的区域水质标准。急性毒性实验结果表明，Pb 对水生生物的毒性随水硬度的增加而增加。在水硬度为 50mg/L（以 CaCO3 表示）时，Pb 的毒性最高，尤其是对秀丽白虾，其 96hLC 值为 0.024mg/L。采用物种敏感性分布（SSD）方法确定 5%生物种的危害浓度（HC）值分别为 50mg/L、150mg/L 和 250mg/L 时的 Pb 为 94.0μg/L、222.3μg/L 和 375.8μg/L。评估因子（AF）值设定为 2，随后采用欧洲委员会推荐的固定 AF 值 5-1 的当前 SSD 框架，因此，在水硬度为 50mg/L、150mg/L 和 250mg/L 时，Pb 的预测无效应浓度（PNEC）值分别为 47.0μg/L、111.2μg/L 和 187.9μg/L。同时，推导出了太湖水生生物的短期水质标准为 150mg/L 水硬度下的 111.2μg/L。长期水质标准为 4.3μg/L，急性/慢性比值为 51.29。当将该值应用于太湖时，太湖有 2.7%的采样点超过了该标准。本研究的结果可为中国保护本土水生生物的 Pb 区域水质标准的制定提供技术方法和基础信息。
