Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Section of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Nutrition. 2021 Oct;90:111218. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111218. Epub 2021 Mar 3.
The incidence of malnutrition in developing countries, such as many of those located in Sub-Saharan Africa, is still high, especially in vulnerable categories such as women of childbearing age. Among the several factors influencing dietary intake and eating habits, evidence shows the importance of food knowledge (FK), essential in establishing and maintaining strategies aimed at reducing the burden of disease and promoting wellbeing. The present research was aimed at describing the methodology for designing a questionnaire to investigate Food Knowledge in Tanzania women of childbearing age.
The Food Knowledge Questionnaire (FKQ) was developed by adapting items from the Ugandan questionnaire to cultural background and food habits of Tanzanian women of childbearing age. A pilot version of the FKQ was tested on a small sample of respondents, 83 women of childbearing age living in the region of Arusha. After describing the sample and the scorings, the pilot version of the questionnaire was analysed through Multiple Correspondence Analysis, aimed at exploring the relationships between items and the properties of the scoring system.
The exploratory analyses of the questionnaire allowed to identify those items not related to the others and whose scores were not related to food knowledge, therefore constituting the basis for the questionnaire to be refined and validated.
The final version of the Tanzanian FKQ "to be validated" ended up consisting of five sections: Section A, about social and economic information (17 questions); Section B, related to health experts advice (5 questions); Section C1 and C2 about food groups (7+7 questions); Section D about diseases and nutrition (6 questions). The questionnaire includes 114 close-ended questions in total. The exploratory analyses performed have led to define the relationships between items and latent constructs, allowing to identify of "correct food knowledge" and "incorrect food knowledge" archetypals.
发展中国家（如撒哈拉以南非洲的许多国家）的营养不良发生率仍然很高，尤其是在育龄妇女等弱势群体中。在影响饮食摄入和饮食习惯的几个因素中，有证据表明食物知识（FK）的重要性，这对于制定和实施旨在减轻疾病负担和促进健康的策略至关重要。本研究旨在描述设计问卷以调查坦桑尼亚育龄妇女食物知识的方法。
食物知识问卷（FKQ）是通过将乌干达问卷中的项目改编为坦桑尼亚育龄妇女的文化背景和饮食习惯而开发的。FKQ 的试用版在 83 名居住在阿鲁沙地区的育龄妇女的小样本中进行了测试。在描述了样本和评分后，通过多元对应分析对问卷的试用版进行了分析，旨在探索项目之间的关系以及评分系统的特性。
问卷的探索性分析允许识别与其他项目不相关且评分与食物知识不相关的项目，因此构成了问卷精炼和验证的基础。
最终版本的坦桑尼亚 FKQ“有待验证”最终由五个部分组成：A 部分，关于社会和经济信息（17 个问题）；B 部分，关于健康专家建议（5 个问题）；C1 和 C2 部分，关于食物组（7+7 个问题）；D 部分，关于疾病和营养（6 个问题）。问卷共包含 114 个封闭式问题。进行的探索性分析导致确定了项目与潜在结构之间的关系，从而能够识别“正确的食物知识”和“错误的食物知识”原型。
