Unit of Research, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P.O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P.O Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
BMC Endocr Disord. 2020 Sep 29;20(1):147. doi: 10.1186/s12902-020-00631-3.
Worldwide, the epidemiological and demographic transitions have resulted in nutrition shift characterized by an increased consumption of high energy fast food products. In just over 3 decades, overweight and obesity rates have nearly tripled to currently affecting over a third of the global population. Notwithstanding the ever present under-nutrition burden, sub Saharan Africa (SSA) is witnessing a drastic escalation of overweight and obesity. We aimed to explore the prevalence and associated factors for obesity among residents of Dar es Salaam city in Tanzania.
Participants from this study were recruited in a community screening conducted during the Dar es Salaam International Trade Fair. Sociodemographic and clinical data were gathered using a structured questionnaire during enrollment. Dietary habits and anthropometric measurements were assessed using standard methods. All statistical analyses utilized STATA v11.0 software. Pearson Chi square and Student's T-test were used to compare categorical and continuous variables respectively. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess for factors associated with BMI ≥ 25. All tests were 2-sided and p < 0.05 was used to denote a statistical significance.
A total of 6691 participants were enrolled. The mean age was 43.1 years and males constituted 54.2% of all participants. Over two-thirds of participants were alcohol consumers and 6.9% had a positive smoking history. 88.3% of participants were physically inactive, 4.7% had a history of diabetes mellitus and 18.1% were known to have elevated blood pressure. Overweight and obesity were observed in 34.8 and 32.4% of participants respectively. Among overweight and obese participants, 32.8% had a misperception of having a healthy weight. Age ≥ 40, female gender, a current working status, habitual breakfast skipping, poor water intake, high soft drink consumption, regular fast food intake, low vegetable and fruit consumption, alcohol consumption and hypertension were found to be independent associated factors for obesity.
Amidst the ever present undernutrition in SSA, a significant proportion of participants had excess body weight. Concomitantly, the rates of physical inactivity and unhealthy eating are disproportionately high in Dar es Salaam. In view of this, community-based and multilevel public health strategies to promote and maintain healthy eating and physical activity require an urgent step-up in urban Tanzania.
在全球范围内，流行病学和人口结构的转变导致了营养结构的转变，表现为人们对高能量快餐产品的消费增加。在短短 30 多年的时间里，超重和肥胖的比例几乎增加了两倍，目前全球有超过三分之一的人口受到影响。尽管仍然存在营养不足的负担，但撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）地区的超重和肥胖率正在急剧上升。我们旨在探讨坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆市居民中肥胖的流行情况及其相关因素。
本研究的参与者是在达累斯萨拉姆国际贸易博览会上进行的社区筛查中招募的。在登记时，使用结构化问卷收集社会人口统计学和临床数据。使用标准方法评估饮食习惯和人体测量数据。所有统计分析均使用 STATA v11.0 软件进行。使用 Pearson 卡方检验和学生 t 检验分别比较分类变量和连续变量。使用逻辑回归分析评估与 BMI≥25 相关的因素。所有检验均为双侧检验，p<0.05 表示具有统计学意义。
共纳入 6691 名参与者。平均年龄为 43.1 岁，男性占所有参与者的 54.2%。超过三分之二的参与者饮酒，6.9%有吸烟史。88.3%的参与者不活跃，4.7%有糖尿病史，18.1%有高血压。参与者中分别有 34.8%和 32.4%超重和肥胖。在超重和肥胖的参与者中，32.8%的人错误地认为自己体重健康。年龄≥40 岁、女性、有工作、经常不吃早餐、水摄入不足、经常喝软饮料、经常吃快餐、蔬菜和水果摄入少、饮酒和高血压是肥胖的独立相关因素。
在 SSA 普遍存在营养不足的情况下，相当一部分参与者体重超标。与此同时，达累斯萨拉姆的身体活动不足和不健康饮食的比例也高得不成比例。鉴于此，需要在坦桑尼亚城市加紧实施基于社区和多层次的公共卫生策略，以促进和维持健康饮食和身体活动。
