School of Water Conservancy and Environ'ment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China; College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China.
School of Water Conservancy and Environ'ment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Oct 15;296:113172. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113172. Epub 2021 Jul 2.
The Yellow River Economic Belt (YREB) plays an important role in China's socio-economic development and ecological security. However, this region has suffered from serious atmospheric pollution in recent years due to intense human activity. Identifying and qualifying the spatio-temporal characteristics of the region's air pollution and its driving forces would help in the formulation of effective mitigation policies. Here, the YREB's spatio-temporal characteristics of air quality were meticulously investigated using air pollution observation, synchronous meteorological, and socio-economic data from 103 cities, for the period of 2014-2019. Furthermore, the factors influencing air pollution were analyzed and qualified. Although air quality improved in the cities of the YREB following the implementation of the Air Pollution Action Plan, the region's quality index (AQI) remained higher than the national average. Annual variations of AQI in the YREB followed a U-shaped pattern, being high in autumn and winter and low in spring and summer; this U shape became shallower following improvements in air quality during autumn and winter. From 2014 to 2019, the annual average AQI values of cities in the eastern, middle, and western YREB dropped from 109.66, 111.70, and 94.65 to 92.00, 103.85, and 73.95, respectively. The air pollution trends of cities revealed obvious spatial agglomeration, and those cities with poor air quality were primarily the western cities of Shandong province, most cities in Henan province, and the eastern cities of Shanxi province. Due to the improvement of air quality in eastern cities, the pollution center of gravity moved gradually from Changzhi (113°3411"E, 36°040"N) to Linfen (110°5222″E, 36°2344″N). The results of the spatial Durbin model (SDM) indicated that air pollution had an apparent spillover effect in the YREB at the watershed scale, and that government technical expenditure, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, population density, annual wind speed, and relative humidity all had significant negative overall effects on the AQI values of cities. The green cover rate, ratio of secondary industry, and temperature, meanwhile, all had significant positive total effects. Due to differences the natural conditions and stages of socio-economic development between the eastern, middle, and western cities of the YREB, the impact directions and functional strengths of their key factors differed greatly.
黄河经济带（YREB）在中国社会经济发展和生态安全方面发挥着重要作用。然而，由于人类活动的强烈影响，近年来该地区遭受了严重的大气污染。确定和定性该地区空气污染的时空特征及其驱动力，将有助于制定有效的缓解政策。在这里，使用来自 103 个城市的空气污染观测、同步气象和社会经济数据，对 2014-2019 年期间黄河经济带的空气质量时空特征进行了细致的研究。此外，还分析和定性了影响空气污染的因素。尽管在实施《大气污染行动计划》后，黄河经济带的城市空气质量有所改善，但该地区的空气质量指数（AQI）仍高于全国平均水平。黄河经济带的 AQI 年变化呈 U 型，秋冬季高，春夏季低；随着秋冬季空气质量的改善，U 型变得更浅。2014 年至 2019 年，黄河经济带东部、中部和西部城市的年平均 AQI 值从 109.66、111.70 和 94.65 降至 92.00、103.85 和 73.95。城市空气污染趋势显示出明显的空间集聚，空气质量较差的城市主要是山东省西部城市、河南省大部分城市和山西省东部城市。由于东部城市空气质量的改善，污染重心逐渐从长治（113°3411″E，36°040″N）向临汾（110°5222″E，36°2344″N）移动。空间杜宾模型（SDM）的结果表明，黄河经济带流域尺度的空气污染具有明显的溢出效应，政府技术支出、人均国内生产总值（GDP）、人口密度、年平均风速和相对湿度对城市 AQI 值均有显著的负向总效应。而绿地率、第二产业比例和温度则具有显著的正向总效应。由于黄河经济带东部、中部和西部城市的自然条件和社会经济发展阶段不同，其关键因素的影响方向和功能强度存在很大差异。
