College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2022 Feb;20(2):199-210. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1949986. Epub 2021 Jul 21.
Seven coronavirus species have been identified that can infect humans. While human coronavirus infections had been historically associated with only mild respiratory symptoms similar to the common cold, three coronaviruses identified since 2003, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, cause life-threatening severe respiratory syndromes. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 has triggered a worldwide health emergency. Due to the lack of effective drugs and vaccination, rapid and reliable detection is of vital importance to control coronavirus epidemics/pandemics.
A literature search was performed in Pubmed covering the detections and diagnostics of SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2. This review summarized the current knowledge of established and emerging methods for coronavirus detection. The characteristics of different diagnostic approaches were described, and the strengths and weaknesses of each method were analyzed and compared. In addition, future trends in the field of coronavirus detection were also discussed.
Nucleic acid-based RT-PCR is the current golden-standard of coronavirus detection, while immunoassays provide history of coronavirus infection besides diagnostic information. Integrated high-throughput system holds the great potential and is the trend of future detection and diagnosis of virus infection.
目前已鉴定出七种可感染人类的冠状病毒。虽然人类冠状病毒感染以往仅与类似普通感冒的轻度呼吸道症状相关，但自 2003 年以来发现的三种冠状病毒，即严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）和 SARS-CoV-2，会引起危及生命的严重呼吸道综合征。由高传染性 SARS-CoV-2 引起的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）引发了全球卫生紧急事件。由于缺乏有效的药物和疫苗，快速可靠的检测对于控制冠状病毒的流行至关重要。
在 Pubmed 中进行了文献检索，涵盖 SARS、MERS 和 SARS-CoV-2 的检测和诊断。本综述总结了用于冠状病毒检测的现有和新兴方法的现有知识。描述了不同诊断方法的特点，并分析和比较了每种方法的优缺点。此外，还讨论了冠状病毒检测领域的未来趋势。
基于核酸的 RT-PCR 是目前冠状病毒检测的金标准，而免疫测定法除了诊断信息外，还提供了冠状病毒感染史。集成的高通量系统具有巨大的潜力，是未来病毒感染检测和诊断的趋势。
