《COVID-19 大流行期间社交隔离的计划行为理论分析：关注意图-行为差距》。
Theory of Planned Behavior Analysis of Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focusing on the Intention-Behavior Gap.
机构信息
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA.
出版信息
Ann Behav Med. 2021 Jul 22;55(8):805-812. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaab041.
BACKGROUND
As COVID-19 continues to spread globally, it is important to understand psychological factors that may influence compliance with social distancing.
PURPOSE
The present study examined whether Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs were associated with social distancing, with a focus on exploring moderators of the intention-behavior relationship.
METHODS
Using a longitudinal design, U.S. adults (N = 507) self-reported TPB constructs and social distancing behavior at baseline and 3 months later. Participants were from 48 U.S. States and the District of Columbia and were on average 50.39 years old (SD = 15.32, range = 18-80). The majority were Non-Hispanic White (71.6%), had a bachelor's degree or higher (55.3%), and resided in suburban areas (55.8%).
RESULTS
While positive attitudes toward social distancing increased over time (p = .002), subjective norms weakened (p < .001) and perceived behavioral control (PBC) remained stable (p = .22). Interestingly, despite an increase in intentions from baseline to follow-up (p < .001), there was a significant decrease in social distancing behavior over time (p < .001). Consistent with the TPB, baseline attitudes (p < .001), subjective norms (p < .001), and PBC (p < .001) for social distancing were all associated with baseline intentions to social distance. In turn, baseline intentions were significantly associated with social distancing behavior at follow-up (p < .001). Younger adults (p < .001) and non-White participants (p = .002) displayed a greater intention-behavior gap relative to older and White participants. In contrast, participants with more stable intentions over time displayed a stronger intention-behavior relationship (p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Targeting individuals' attitudes, norms, and PBC may effectively promote protective behaviors intended to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and similar viral outbreaks. Future research should examine effective strategies for translating social distancing intentions into actions.
背景
随着 COVID-19 在全球范围内的持续传播，了解可能影响社交距离遵守的心理因素非常重要。
目的
本研究旨在检验计划行为理论（TPB）构念是否与社交距离相关，重点探讨意图-行为关系的调节因素。
方法
采用纵向设计，美国成年人（N=507）在基线和 3 个月后自我报告 TPB 构念和社交距离行为。参与者来自美国 48 个州和哥伦比亚特区，平均年龄为 50.39 岁（SD=15.32，范围为 18-80）。大多数参与者是非西班牙裔白人（71.6%），拥有学士或以上学历（55.3%），居住在郊区（55.8%）。
结果
尽管人们对社交距离的积极态度随着时间的推移而增加（p=0.002），但主观规范减弱（p<0.001），感知行为控制（PBC）保持稳定（p=0.22）。有趣的是，尽管意图从基线到随访有所增加（p<0.001），但社交距离行为随着时间的推移显著减少（p<0.001）。与 TPB 一致，社交距离的基线态度（p<0.001）、主观规范（p<0.001）和 PBC（p<0.001）均与基线社交距离意图相关。反过来，基线意图与随访时的社交距离行为显著相关（p<0.001）。与年龄较大和白人参与者相比，年轻参与者（p<0.001）和非白人参与者（p=0.002）表现出更大的意图-行为差距。相比之下，随着时间的推移，意图更稳定的参与者表现出更强的意图-行为关系（p<0.001）。
结论
针对个人的态度、规范和 PBC 可能有效促进旨在减轻 COVID-19 和类似病毒爆发传播的保护行为。未来的研究应检验将社交距离意图转化为行动的有效策略。
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