Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Eastview High School, Apple Valley, MN 55124, USA.
Endocrinology. 2021 Sep 1;162(9). doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqab139.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer among men in the United States. While the use of prostate-specific antigen has improved the ability to screen and ultimately diagnose PCa, there still remain false positives due to noncancerous conditions in the prostate gland itself and other prognostic biomarkers for PCa are needed. Contents within extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biomarkers that can give valuable information about disease state, and have the additional benefit of being acquired through noninvasive liquid biopsies. Meaningful communication between cancer cells and the microenvironment are carried by EVs, which impact important cellular processes in prostate cancer such as metastasis, immune regulation, and drug resistance.
前列腺癌（PCa）是美国男性中第二常见的癌症。虽然前列腺特异性抗原的使用提高了筛查和最终诊断 PCa 的能力，但由于前列腺本身的非癌性状况仍然存在假阳性，因此需要其他预后生物标志物。细胞外囊泡（EVs）中的内容物已成为有前途的生物标志物，可以提供有关疾病状态的有价值信息，并且具有通过非侵入性液体活检获得的额外优势。EVs 介导癌细胞与微环境之间的有意义的交流，影响前列腺癌中的重要细胞过程，如转移、免疫调节和耐药性。
