Holst J J
Digestion. 1978;17(2):168-90. doi: 10.1159/000198107.
From the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract a number of peptides can be extracted, which are glucagon-like in their behavior towards antisera raised against the pancreatic hormone. The biochemistry and physiology of these peptides are critically reviewed. Although important advances have been made, facilitated by improved praparative and analytical techniques, many problems remain unresolved. It is, however, now well established that a peptide, which is indistinguishable from true, pancreatic glucagon (NW 3,485) is found in extrapancreatic gastrointestinal tissue from all species investigated. While abundant in dogs, especially in the gastric mucosa, much less is found in extra-pancreatic tissues of man and pig. Results from studies in dogs are therefore not necessarily relevant to other species. Human and porcine gut, however, contain other glucagon-like peptides (gut-type glucagon, enteroglucagon, gut GLI), one of which resembles true glucagon (MW 3,485) in its biological activity, but a definite physiological role for these peptides has not yet been established. The recent isolation and purification of one of the latter peptides undoubtedly will facilitate greatly future research in this field.
从胃肠道黏膜中可以提取出多种肽类物质，它们对针对胰高血糖素产生的抗血清的反应与胰高血糖素相似。对这些肽类物质的生物化学和生理学进行了批判性综述。尽管借助改进的制备和分析技术取得了重要进展，但许多问题仍未解决。然而，现已明确，在所有被研究物种的胰腺外胃肠道组织中都发现了一种与真正的胰腺胰高血糖素（分子量3485）无法区分的肽。虽然在狗体内含量丰富，尤其是在胃黏膜中，但在人和猪的胰腺外组织中含量要少得多。因此，在狗身上的研究结果不一定适用于其他物种。然而，人和猪的肠道含有其他类胰高血糖素肽（肠型胰高血糖素、肠胰高血糖素、肠道胰高血糖素样免疫活性物质），其中一种在生物活性上与真正的胰高血糖素（分子量3485）相似，但这些肽的确切生理作用尚未确定。最近对后一种肽类物质之一的分离和纯化无疑将极大地促进该领域未来的研究。
