Alqahtani Hind A, Almagsoodi Abdullateef A, Alshamrani Nouf D, Almalki Tawfiq J, Sumaili Abdulhadi M
Internal Medicine, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, SAU.
Cureus. 2021 May 30;13(5):e15338. doi: 10.7759/cureus.15338. eCollection 2021 May.
The prevalence of thyroid diseases is high in the general population and causes serious abnormalities and disorders that can affect the quality of life. Many complications can result from poor or inappropriate management of the disease, leading to serious cardiovascular and metabolic complications. In the present review study, we aim to discuss the effect of thyroid diseases on metabolic and electrolyte abnormalities and the potential correlation with some common disorders. Evidence from previous studies has demonstrated that thyroid dysfunctions hugely affect the metabolism of glucose in the bodies of the affected patients, which can lead to the development of both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Hyperthyroidism can lead to the development of impaired glucose tolerance and secondary diabetes mellitus. These include an increased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis process, increased intestinal absorption of glucose, and secondary ketogenesis and lipolysis, which will subsequently affect the functions of the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas. Evidence showed that thyroid diseases are associated with the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome, and the management for these modalities should involve prior management of underlying thyroid diseases. Efforts should be made to adequately manage these cases with concomitant approaches to achieve the best clinical outcomes.
甲状腺疾病在普通人群中的患病率很高，会导致严重的异常和紊乱，进而影响生活质量。疾病管理不善或不当会引发许多并发症，导致严重的心血管和代谢并发症。在本综述研究中，我们旨在探讨甲状腺疾病对代谢和电解质异常的影响以及与一些常见疾病的潜在关联。以往研究的证据表明，甲状腺功能障碍会极大地影响患病患者体内的葡萄糖代谢，进而可能导致1型和2型糖尿病（DM）的发生。甲状腺功能亢进可导致糖耐量受损和继发性糖尿病。这些包括糖原分解和糖异生过程增加、肠道对葡萄糖的吸收增加以及继发性酮生成和脂肪分解增加，随后会影响胰腺胰岛素分泌细胞的功能。有证据表明，甲状腺疾病与肥胖和代谢综合征的发生有关，对这些情况的管理应包括对潜在甲状腺疾病的先行管理。应努力采用综合方法妥善处理这些病例，以取得最佳临床效果。
