Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2021 Sep;14(9):825-838. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-21-0114. Epub 2021 Jul 9.
Clinical studies backed by research in animal models suggest that vitamin D may protect against the development of breast cancer, implicating vitamin D as a promising candidate for breast cancer prevention. However, despite clear preclinical evidence showing protective roles for vitamin D, broadly targeted clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation have yielded conflicting findings, highlighting the complexity of translating preclinical data to efficacy in humans. While vitamin D supplementation targeted to high-risk populations is a strategy anticipated to increase prevention efficacy, a complimentary approach is to target transient, developmental windows of elevated breast cancer risk. Postpartum mammary gland involution represents a developmental window of increased breast cancer promotion that may be poised for vitamin D supplementation. Targeting the window of involution with short-term vitamin D intervention may offer a simple, cost-effective approach for the prevention of breast cancers that develop postpartum. In this review, we highlight epidemiologic and preclinical studies linking vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer development. We discuss the underlying mechanisms through which vitamin D deficiency contributes to cancer development, with an emphasis on the anti-inflammatory activity of vitamin D. We also discuss current evidence for vitamin D as an immunotherapeutic agent and the potential for vitamin D as a preventative strategy for young woman's breast cancer.
临床研究和动物模型研究都表明，维生素 D 可能有助于预防乳腺癌，这表明维生素 D 可能是预防乳腺癌的一种有前途的候选药物。然而，尽管有明确的临床前证据表明维生素 D 具有保护作用，但广泛针对维生素 D 补充的临床试验却得出了相互矛盾的结果，这凸显了将临床前数据转化为人类疗效的复杂性。虽然针对高危人群的维生素 D 补充是一种有望提高预防效果的策略，但另一种方法是针对乳腺癌风险升高的短暂发育窗口期。产后乳腺萎缩是乳腺癌促进的一个发育窗口期，可能适合进行维生素 D 补充。通过短期维生素 D 干预来靶向萎缩期可能是预防产后发生乳腺癌的一种简单、具有成本效益的方法。在这篇综述中，我们强调了将维生素 D 缺乏与乳腺癌发展联系起来的流行病学和临床前研究。我们讨论了维生素 D 缺乏导致癌症发展的潜在机制，重点强调了维生素 D 的抗炎活性。我们还讨论了维生素 D 作为免疫治疗剂的现有证据，以及维生素 D 作为年轻女性乳腺癌预防策略的潜力。
