Wozniak Hannah, Benzakour Lamyae, Moullec Grégory, Buetti Niccolò, Nguyen Alice, Corbaz Sandrine, Roos Pauline, Vieux Laure, Suard Jean-Claude, Weissbrodt Rafaël, Pugin Jérôme, Pralong Jacques A, Cereghetti Sara
Intensive Care Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
Psychiatric Liaison and Crisis Intervention Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
Ann Intensive Care. 2021 Jul 10;11(1):106. doi: 10.1186/s13613-021-00900-x.
Intensive care workers are known for their stressful work environment and for a high prevalence of mental health outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health, well-being and changes in lifestyle among intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare workers (HCW) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and to compare these results with those of HCW in other hospital units. Another objective was to understand which associated factors aggravate their mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak.
This cross-sectional survey collected socio-demographic data, lifestyle changes and mental health evaluations as assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 items (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ-9), the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI) and the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) from the 28th May to 7th July 2020. The study was carried out at Geneva University Hospitals, a group of eight public hospitals in Switzerland. ICU HCW were analyzed for mental health outcomes and lifestyles changes and then compared to non-ICU HCW. A series of linear regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with mental health scores.
A total of 3461 HCW were included in the study, with 352 ICU HCW. Among ICU HCW, 145 (41%) showed low well-being, 162 (46%) symptoms of anxiety, 163 (46%) symptoms of depression and 76 (22%) had peritraumatic distress. The mean scores of GAD-7, PHQ-9 and WHO-5 were worse in ICU HCW than in non-ICU HCW (p < 0.01). Working in the ICU rather than in other departments resulted in a change of eating habits, sleeping patterns and alcohol consumption (p < 0.01). Being a woman, the fear of catching and transmitting COVID-19, anxiety of working with COVID-19 patients, work overload, eating and sleeping disorders as well as increased alcohol consumption were associated with worse mental health outcomes.
This study confirms the suspicion of a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, peritraumatic distress and low well-being during the first COVID-19 wave among HCW, especially among ICU HCW. This allows for the identification of associated risk factors. Long-term psychological follow-up should be considered for HCW.
重症监护工作人员因其工作环境压力大以及心理健康问题高发而闻名。本研究的目的是评估在新冠疫情第一波期间，重症监护病房（ICU）医护人员的心理健康、幸福感和生活方式变化，并将这些结果与其他医院科室的医护人员进行比较。另一个目标是了解在新冠疫情爆发期间，哪些相关因素会加重他们的心理健康问题。
这项横断面调查收集了2020年5月28日至7月7日期间的社会人口统计学数据、生活方式变化以及通过广泛性焦虑障碍7项量表（GAD-7）、患者健康问卷9项量表（PHQ-9）、创伤后应激量表（PDI）和世界卫生组织幸福感指数（WHO-5）评估的心理健康情况。该研究在瑞士的一组八家公立医院——日内瓦大学医院进行。对ICU医护人员的心理健康结果和生活方式变化进行分析，然后与非ICU医护人员进行比较。进行了一系列线性回归分析，以评估与心理健康评分相关的因素。
该研究共纳入3461名医护人员，其中352名是ICU医护人员。在ICU医护人员中，145人（41%）幸福感较低，162人（46%）有焦虑症状，163人（46%）有抑郁症状，76人（22%）有创伤后应激。ICU医护人员的GAD-7、PHQ-9和WHO-5平均得分比非ICU医护人员更差（p < 0.01）。在ICU工作而非在其他科室工作导致饮食习惯、睡眠模式和饮酒量发生变化（p < 0.01）。女性、对感染和传播新冠病毒的恐惧、与新冠患者一起工作的焦虑、工作负担过重、饮食和睡眠障碍以及饮酒量增加与更差的心理健康结果相关。
本研究证实了在新冠疫情第一波期间，医护人员中，尤其是ICU医护人员中，焦虑、抑郁、创伤后应激和幸福感较低的情况普遍存在的怀疑。这有助于识别相关风险因素。应考虑对医护人员进行长期心理随访。
