Nasrollahzadeh Sabet Mehrdad, Movahedi Asl Masood, Kazemi Esfeh Mahtab, Nasrabadi Navid, Shakarami Maryam, Alani Behrang, Alimolaie Asma, Azhdari Sara, Cheraghi Ebrahim
School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2021 May;24(5):561-576. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.54735.12277.
Considering the high incidence and mortality rate of gastrointestinal cancers (GIs) worldwide and partial success of the current available GI cancer treatments, there is a necessity to discover more effective approaches in cancer therapy. The failure in conventional therapies seems to be related to the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy, inability to target tumor cells especially in metastatic cancers, deficient drug concentrations in tumor sites, and unfavorable effects on pivotal non-malignant bodily tissues following systemic administration. In this context, we need an appropriate carrier for the delivery of therapeutic agents specifically to the GI cancer site. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a prominent cell-based strategy for cancer treatment, overcome various cancer therapy limitations and could be used as vehicles to deliver many anticancer agents such as therapeutic genes (DNA or interference RNA), oncolytic viruses, and chemotherapeutic or nanoparticle drugs. Moreover, secreted molecules of unmodified MSCs lead to deregulation of several proteins and different signaling pathways eradicating cancer cells. In the present review, at first, we overview the characteristics and utility of MSCs in cancer therapy, secondly, we discuss the application of naïve MSCs and utilization of MSCs in the delivery of therapeutic agents in GI cancer therapy and, finally, more information about harnessing of genetically modified MSCs in GI cancer treatment will be presented.
鉴于全球范围内胃肠道癌症（GIs）的高发病率和死亡率，以及当前可用的胃肠道癌症治疗方法取得的部分成功，有必要探索更有效的癌症治疗方法。传统疗法的失败似乎与癌细胞对化疗的耐药性、无法靶向肿瘤细胞（尤其是转移性癌症中的肿瘤细胞）、肿瘤部位药物浓度不足以及全身给药后对关键非恶性身体组织的不良影响有关。在此背景下，我们需要一种合适的载体，将治疗剂特异性地递送至胃肠道癌症部位。间充质干细胞（MSCs）作为一种突出的基于细胞的癌症治疗策略，克服了各种癌症治疗限制，可作为载体递送多种抗癌剂，如治疗性基因（DNA或干扰RNA）、溶瘤病毒以及化疗药物或纳米颗粒药物。此外，未修饰的间充质干细胞分泌的分子会导致几种蛋白质和不同信号通路失调，从而根除癌细胞。在本综述中，首先，我们概述间充质干细胞在癌症治疗中的特征和效用；其次，我们讨论原始间充质干细胞的应用以及间充质干细胞在胃肠道癌症治疗中递送治疗剂的应用；最后，将介绍更多关于在胃肠道癌症治疗中利用基因修饰间充质干细胞的信息。
