Heinrich Andre Patrick, Zöltzer Timm, Böhm Leonard, Wohde Manuel, Jaddoudi Sara, El Maataoui Yassine, Dahchour Abdelmalek, Düring Rolf-Alexander
Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment (LMNE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av Ibn Battouta Agdal, BP1014 Rabat, Morocco.
Environ Sci Eur. 2021;33(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s12302-021-00513-y. Epub 2021 Jul 2.
Veterinary pharmaceuticals can enter the environment when excreted after application and burden terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, knowledge about the basic process of sorption in soils and sediments is limited, complicating regulatory decisions. Therefore, batch equilibrium studies were conducted for the widely used antiparasitics abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin to add to the assessment of their environmental fate.
We examined 20 soil samples and six sediments from Germany and Morocco. Analysis was based on HPLC-fluorescence detection after derivatization. For soils, this resulted in distribution coefficients of 38-642 mL/g for abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin. Moxidectin displayed between 166 and 3123 mL/g. Normalized to soil organic carbon, log coefficients were 3.63, 3.93, 4.12, and 4.74 mL/g, respectively, revealing high affinity to organic matter of soils and sediments. Within sediments, distribution resulted in higher log of 4.03, 4.13, 4.61, and 4.97 mL/g for the four substances. This emphasizes the diverse nature of organic matter in both environmental media. The results also confirm a newly reported log K for ivermectin which is higher than longstanding assumptions. Linear sorption models facilitate comparison with other studies and help establish universal distribution coefficients for the environmental risk assessment of veterinary antiparasitics.
Since environmental exposure affects soils and sediments, future sorption studies should aim to include both matrices to review these essential pharmaceuticals and mitigate environmental risks from their use. The addition of soils and sediments from the African continent (Morocco) touches upon possible broader applications of ivermectin for human use. Especially for ivermectin and moxidectin, strong sorption further indicates high hydrophobicity and provides initial concern for potential aquatic or terrestrial ecotoxicological effects such as bioaccumulation. Our derived estimates also urge to re-assess this important regulatory parameter with contemporary techniques for all four substances.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12302-021-00513-y.
兽用药物在使用后排泄时会进入环境，给陆地和水生生态系统带来负担。然而，关于土壤和沉积物中吸附基本过程的知识有限，这使得监管决策变得复杂。因此，针对广泛使用的抗寄生虫药物阿维菌素、多拉菌素、伊维菌素和莫西菌素进行了批次平衡研究，以补充对其环境归宿的评估。
我们检测了来自德国和摩洛哥的20个土壤样本和6个沉积物样本。分析基于衍生化后的高效液相色谱 - 荧光检测。对于土壤，阿维菌素、多拉菌素和伊维菌素的分配系数为38 - 642 mL/g。莫西菌素的分配系数在166至3123 mL/g之间。以土壤有机碳归一化后，log 系数分别为3.63、3.93、4.12和4.74 mL/g，表明对土壤和沉积物中的有机物具有高亲和力。在沉积物中，这四种物质的分配导致更高的log 分别为4.03、4.13、4.61和4.97 mL/g。这强调了两种环境介质中有机物的多样性。结果还证实了新报道的伊维菌素的log K高于长期以来的假设。线性吸附模型便于与其他研究进行比较，并有助于为兽用抗寄生虫药物环境风险评估建立通用分配系数。
由于环境暴露会影响土壤和沉积物，未来的吸附研究应旨在纳入这两种基质，以审查这些重要药物并降低其使用带来的环境风险。来自非洲大陆（摩洛哥）的土壤和沉积物样本的加入涉及伊维菌素在人类使用方面可能更广泛的应用。特别是对于伊维菌素和莫西菌素，强烈的吸附进一步表明其高疏水性，并引发对潜在水生或陆地生态毒理学效应（如生物累积）的初步关注。我们得出的 估计值也促使使用当代技术对所有四种物质重新评估这一重要的监管参数。
在线版本包含可在10.1186/s12302 - 021 - 00513 - y获取的补充材料。
