Deng Z Y, Liu X J, Sa R N, Xu H X, Fu Q, Xu D Y, Cui X B, Liu J, Song B L, Zheng M, Ouyang Y H, Wang X D, Liu X L
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021 Jun 7;56(6):635-642. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200929-00778.
To investigate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) in 3 central cities (Chifeng, Hohhot, Ordos) and the surrounding rural areas of Inner Mongolia region, and to look for possible risk factors related to the disease. From March to October of 2019, a multi-stage stratified random sampling epidemiological survey was conducted in Chifeng, Hohhot, Ordos and rural areas. The AR-related factors of the population were obtained in the form of face-to-face questionnaire survey, and the skin prick test (SPT) was taken for the participants. AR disease was diagnosed according to the "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis (2015, Tianjin)". The daily airborne pollen situation in the three regions was monitored during the same period. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all survey results. A total of 6 818 questionnaires were recovered, with 6 393 valid questionnaires. The self-reported prevalence of AR was 27.72% (1 772/6 393) and the confirmed prevalence of AR was 17.10% (1 093/6 393). The prevalence of perennial AR was 1.83% (117/6 393) while the prevalence of seasonal AR was 15.27% (976/6 393). The prevalence of AR diagnosed in females was higher than that in males (19.19% 15.34%, χ²=16.594, <0.001) and the prevalence of females in the two age groups of 36-45 years and 46-55 years was significantly higher than that of males (18.17% 9.73%, 14.13% 7.25%, χ value was 23.848, 18.772, respectively, all <0.001). The prevalence of confirmed diagnoses in ethnic minorities was higher than that of Han nationality, and the prevalence of confirmed diagnoses in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (23.13% 16.20%, 27.27% 9.71%, χ value was 24.516, 336.024, respectively, all <0.001). The main nasal symptoms of AR patients were sneezing (91.31%), nasal congestion (85.91%) and nasal itching (85.00%). The most common concomitant disease of AR was allergic conjunctivitis (73.99%). Asthma (=6.629), food allergy (=3.236), drug allergy (=1.786), application of antibiotics (=1.553), recent home decoration (=2.307), and smoking (=1.322) were the AR related risk factors. The highest proportion of SPT positive reactions was Artemisia annua (80.15%). The peak period of clinical symptoms of AR patients in Inner Mongolia region was July to September, which was consistent with the second peak period of airborne pollen monitoring. The prevalence of AR in central cities and the surrounding rural areas of Inner Mongolia region is 17.10%, and Artemisia species is the most important pollen allergen in this area. History of asthma, food allergy, drug allergy, antibiotic use, home decoration and smoking history are the related risk factors for AR.
为调查内蒙古自治区3个中心城市（赤峰、呼和浩特、鄂尔多斯）及其周边农村地区变应性鼻炎（AR）的患病率，并寻找与该病可能相关的危险因素。2019年3月至10月，在赤峰、呼和浩特、鄂尔多斯及农村地区开展了多阶段分层随机抽样的流行病学调查。通过面对面问卷调查的形式获取人群的AR相关因素，并对参与者进行皮肤点刺试验（SPT）。依据《变应性鼻炎诊断和治疗指南（2015，天津）》诊断AR疾病。同期监测这3个地区的每日空气传播花粉情况。使用SPSS 23.0对所有调查结果进行分析。共回收6818份问卷，其中有效问卷6393份。自我报告的AR患病率为27.72%（1772/6393），确诊的AR患病率为17.10%（1093/6393）。常年性AR患病率为1.83%（117/6393），季节性AR患病率为15.27%（976/6393）。女性确诊AR的患病率高于男性（19.19%对15.34%，χ²=16.594，P<0.001），且36 - 45岁和46 - 55岁这两个年龄组女性的患病率显著高于男性（18.17%对9.73%，14.13%对7.25%，χ值分别为23.848、18.772，均P<0.001）。少数民族确诊患病率高于汉族，城市地区确诊患病率高于农村地区（23.13%对16.20%，27.27%对9.71%，χ值分别为24.516、336.024，均P<0.001）。AR患者主要的鼻部症状为打喷嚏（91.31%）、鼻塞（85.91%）和鼻痒（85.00%）。AR最常见的伴发疾病是变应性结膜炎（73.99%）。哮喘（χ²=6.629）、食物过敏（χ²=3.236）、药物过敏（χ²=1.786）、应用抗生素（χ²=1.553）、近期房屋装修（χ²=2.307）以及吸烟（χ²=1.322）是与AR相关的危险因素。SPT阳性反应比例最高的是黄花蒿（80.15%）。内蒙古地区AR患者临床症状的高峰期为7至9月，这与空气传播花粉监测的第二个高峰期一致。内蒙古自治区中心城市及其周边农村地区AR的患病率为17.10%，蒿属植物是该地区最重要的花粉过敏原。哮喘病史、食物过敏史、药物过敏史、抗生素使用、房屋装修和吸烟史是AR的相关危险因素。
