Shen X L, Zhao D, Yan X H, Yang P, Feng N Y, Wen W L, Ha H Y, Yang Z C, Di L L, Guo H Q, Liu H T, Ma R X
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2017 Jul 7;52(7):491-496. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2017.07.003.
To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) in Ningxia and to analyze its related factors. From March to September of 2013, a multi-stage and cluster sampling method was used to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Ningxia Area (3 years and above). Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis (2009, Wuyishan) was used as the basis for the diagnosis of adult AR, while Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of pediatric allergic rhinitis (2010, Chongqing) was used as the basis for children. SPSS 16.0 software was used to complete the statistical analysis. The total number of questionnaires was 6 000, and the number of effective questionnaire was 5 236, the recovery rate was 87.27%. With 684 cases diagnosed of AR, the prevalence of AR in Ningxia was 13.06% (684/5 236), including 13.40% (325/2 425) of males, 12.77% (359/2 811) of females. The difference was not statistically significant (χ(2)=0.456, >0.05). There was significant difference in the prevalence between Hui and Han [14.35% (452/3 150) 11.12% (232/2 086), χ(2)=11.51, <0.05]. According to ARIA criteria, persistent AR was 27.63% (189/684), intermittent AR was 72.37% (495/684). The month with highest incidence of AR in Ningxia Area was September, accounting for 71.78% (491/684). The prevalence of urban population was 14.54%, with the prevalence of rural population was 11.90%, and the difference was significant between urban and rural residents (χ(2)=7.90, <0.05). The age group with highest prevalence rate was 21~30 years old. The main inhalation allergens were mugwort (68.42%), weeds (58.48%) and ragweed (55.56%). The main dietary allergens were wheat flour (14.33%), peanut (13.74%) and walnut kernel (11.99%). The most common complication was allergic conjunctivitis [82.02% (561/684)]. The epidemiology of AR in Ningxia Area is preliminarily understood, which will provide the epidemiological evidence for the prevention and treatment of AR and the formulation of public health policy.
调查宁夏地区变应性鼻炎（AR）的流行病学特征并分析其相关因素。2013年3月至9月，采用多阶段整群抽样方法对宁夏地区（3岁及以上）AR的诊治情况进行调查。以《变应性鼻炎诊断和治疗指南（2009，武夷山）》作为成人AR的诊断依据，以《儿童变应性鼻炎诊断和治疗指南（2010，重庆）》作为儿童AR的诊断依据。采用SPSS 16.0软件完成统计分析。共发放问卷6000份，有效问卷5236份，回收率为87.27%。确诊AR患者684例，宁夏地区AR患病率为13.06%（684/5236），其中男性患病率为13.40%（325/2425），女性患病率为12.77%（359/2811）。差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.456，P>0.05）。回族与汉族患病率差异有统计学意义[14.35%（452/3150）比11.12%（232/2086），χ²=11.51，P<0.05]。按照ARIA标准，持续性AR占27.63%（189/684），间歇性AR占72.37%（495/684）。宁夏地区AR发病率最高的月份为9月，占71.78%（491/684）。城镇人口患病率为14.54%，农村人口患病率为11.90%，城乡居民患病率差异有统计学意义（χ²=7.90，P<0.05）。患病率最高的年龄组为21～30岁。主要吸入性变应原依次为艾蒿（68.42%）、杂草（58.48%）和豚草（55.56%）。主要食物性变应原依次为小麦粉（14.33%）、花生（13.74%）和核桃仁（11.99%）。最常见的并发症是变应性结膜炎[82.02%（561/684）]。初步了解了宁夏地区AR的流行病学情况，为AR的防治及公共卫生政策的制定提供了流行病学依据。
