Dąbek Józefa, Sierka Oskar, Kulik Halina, Gąsior Zbigniew
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ziołowa street 45/47, 40-635, Katowice, Poland.
Student Research Group at the Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ziołowa street 45/47, 40-635, Katowice, Poland.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Jul 13;21(1):1392. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11336-0.
The vaccine is a preparation of biological origin containing antigens that stimulate the body's immune system to produce acquired immunity. Vaccines can contain killed or "live" (attenuated) microorganisms as well as fragments of these (antigens). Although many vaccines are used routinely in pregnancy to provide a seroprotective immune response for mother, fetus and neonate there is much controversy over their use during this unique time. The aim of the study was to find out about the knowledge of adult Poles on the use of preventive vaccinations during pregnancy.
The study involved 700 people (100%) aged 18 to 80 years ([Formula: see text] = 32.16 ± 16.46). Most of the respondents were women (511; 73%). The study consisted of 9 questions about preventive vaccinations of pregnant women and 5 questions about members of the studied group. The aforementioned questions formed the basis of the preparation of the presented article.
A significant part of respondents (322; 46%) did not have knowledge on the topic of safeness of using preventive vaccinations during pregnancy, 196 (28%) respondents believed that such procedure is not safe. Most of the respondents (371; 53%) did not know about the possibility of using "live" vaccines during pregnancy. 14 (2%) of respondents believed that pregnancy should be terminated in case of administration of a "live" vaccine to a pregnant woman. According to 294 (42%) respondents, vaccinations with "live" vaccines should be completed at least 3 months before the planned pregnancy. The subjects were not aware of the issue of post-exposure vaccination against tetanus and rabies among pregnant women. The respondents' responses were divided on the issue of the safest trimester of pregnancy for vaccine administration. Almost 1/3 of the respondents (203; 29%) indicated the third trimester as the safest for their performance.
The knowledge of the surveyed group, the majority of whom were women, about the use of vaccinations before and during pregnancy was unsatisfactory. There is a need to educate the public about the benefits and risks of performing or avoiding preventive vaccinations during pregnancy.
疫苗是一种生物制剂，含有能刺激机体免疫系统产生获得性免疫的抗原。疫苗可包含灭活或“活”（减毒）微生物以及这些微生物的片段（抗原）。尽管许多疫苗在孕期常规使用，以便为母亲、胎儿和新生儿提供血清保护性免疫反应，但在这个特殊时期使用疫苗仍存在诸多争议。本研究的目的是了解成年波兰人对孕期预防性接种疫苗的认知情况。
该研究纳入了700名年龄在18至80岁之间的人群（100%）（平均年龄 = 32.16 ± 16.46岁）。大多数受访者为女性（511人；73%）。该研究由9个关于孕妇预防性接种疫苗的问题以及5个关于研究组其他成员的问题组成。上述问题构成了本文撰写的基础。
相当一部分受访者（322人；46%）不了解孕期使用预防性疫苗的安全性问题，196名（28%）受访者认为这种做法不安全。大多数受访者（371人；53%）不知道孕期使用“活”疫苗的可能性。14名（2%）受访者认为，如果孕妇接种了“活”疫苗，应终止妊娠。根据294名（42%）受访者的说法，接种“活”疫苗应在计划怀孕前至少3个月完成。受试者不了解孕妇暴露后破伤风和狂犬病疫苗接种的问题。在孕期接种疫苗最安全的时期这一问题上，受访者的回答存在分歧。近三分之一的受访者（203人；29%）表示孕晚期接种最安全。
被调查群体（大多数为女性）对怀孕前及孕期接种疫苗的认知情况不尽人意。有必要对公众进行教育，使其了解孕期进行或避免预防性接种疫苗的益处和风险。
