Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Neurotox Res. 2021 Oct;39(5):1651-1664. doi: 10.1007/s12640-021-00393-3. Epub 2021 Jul 14.
Astrocytes are crucial for the maintenance of brain homeostasis by actively participating in the metabolism of glucose, which is the main energy substrate for the central nervous system (CNS), in addition to other supportive functions. More specifically, astrocytes support neurons through the metabolic coupling of synaptic activity and glucose utilization. As such, diabetes mellitus (DM) and consequent glucose metabolism disorders induce astrocyte damage, affecting CNS functionality. Glioprotective molecules can promote protection by improving glial functions and avoiding toxicity in different pathological conditions, including DM. Therefore, this review discusses specific pathomechanisms associated with DM/glucose metabolism disorder-induced gliotoxicity, namely astrocyte metabolism, redox homeostasis/mitochondrial activity, inflammation, and glial signaling pathways. Studies investigating natural products as potential glioprotective strategies against these deleterious effects of DM/glucose metabolism disorders are also reviewed herein. These products include carotenoids, catechins, isoflavones, lipoic acid, polysaccharides, resveratrol, and sulforaphane.
星形胶质细胞通过积极参与葡萄糖代谢来维持脑内环境稳态，葡萄糖是中枢神经系统（CNS）的主要能量底物，此外还具有其他支持功能。更具体地说，星形胶质细胞通过代谢偶联突触活动和葡萄糖利用来支持神经元。因此，糖尿病（DM）和随之而来的葡萄糖代谢紊乱会导致星形胶质细胞损伤，影响 CNS 的功能。神经保护分子可以通过改善神经胶质功能和避免不同病理条件下的毒性来促进保护，包括 DM。因此，本综述讨论了与 DM/葡萄糖代谢紊乱诱导的神经毒性相关的特定病理机制，即星形胶质细胞代谢、氧化还原稳态/线粒体活性、炎症和神经胶质信号通路。本文还综述了研究天然产物作为针对 DM/葡萄糖代谢紊乱这些有害影响的潜在神经保护策略的情况。这些产品包括类胡萝卜素、儿茶素、异黄酮、硫辛酸、多糖、白藜芦醇和萝卜硫素。
