Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2021 Dec 20;111:110401. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110401. Epub 2021 Jul 12.
To decipher the organizational styles of neural underpinning in major depressive disorder (MDD), the current article reviewed recent neuroimaging studies (published during 2015-2020) that applied graph theory approach to the diffusion tensor imaging data or functional brain activation data acquired during task-free resting state. The global network organization of resting-state functional connectivity network in MDD were diverse according to the onset age and medication status. Intra-modular functional connections were weaker in MDD compared to healthy controls (HC) for default mode and limbic networks. Weaker local graph metrics of default mode, frontoparietal, and salience network components in MDD compared to HC were also found. On the contrary, brain regions comprising the limbic, sensorimotor, and subcortical networks showed higher local graph metrics in MDD compared to HC. For the brain white matter-based structural connectivity network, the global network organization was comparable to HC in adult MDD but was attenuated in late-life depression. Local graph metrics of limbic, salience, default-mode, subcortical, insular, and frontoparietal network components in structural connectome were affected from the severity of depressive symptoms, burden of perceived stress, and treatment effects. Collectively, the current review illustrated changed global network organization of structural and functional brain connectomes in MDD compared to HC and were varied according to the onset age and medication status. Intra-modular functional connectivity within the default mode and limbic networks were weaker in MDD compared to HC. Local graph metrics of structural connectome for MDD reflected severity of depressive symptom and perceived stress, and were also changed after treatments. Further studies that explore the graph metrics-based neural correlates of clinical features, cognitive styles, treatment response and prognosis in MDD are required.
为了解析重度抑郁症（MDD）的神经基础组织方式，本文回顾了 2015 年至 2020 年期间发表的使用图论方法分析弥散张量成像数据或静息态功能激活数据的神经影像学研究。MDD 患者静息态功能连接网络的全局网络组织因发病年龄和用药状态而异。与健康对照者（HC）相比，MDD 患者默认模式和边缘网络的模块内功能连接较弱。与 HC 相比，MDD 患者默认模式、额顶叶和突显网络组件的局部图度量也较弱。相反，边缘、感觉运动和皮质下网络组成的脑区在 MDD 中比 HC 具有更高的局部图度量。对于基于脑白质的结构连接网络，MDD 的全局网络组织与 HC 相当，但在老年抑郁症中减弱。结构连接组中边缘、突显、默认模式、皮质下、岛叶和额顶叶网络组件的局部图度量受到抑郁症状严重程度、感知压力负担和治疗效果的影响。总之，目前的综述表明 MDD 患者的结构和功能脑连接组的全局网络组织与 HC 不同，且因发病年龄和用药状态而异。与 HC 相比，MDD 患者默认模式和边缘网络内的模块间功能连接较弱。MDD 的结构连接组的局部图度量反映了抑郁症状和感知压力的严重程度，并且在治疗后也发生了变化。需要进一步的研究来探索 MDD 中基于图度量的神经相关性的临床特征、认知风格、治疗反应和预后。
