Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.
Adv Child Dev Behav. 2021;61:73-127. doi: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2021.05.002. Epub 2021 Jul 2.
Incorporating both heritage (e.g., Latino) and national (e.g., American) cultural systems into our sense of self (i.e., bicultural identity) and developing the ability to successfully respond to demands associated with each of these systems (i.e., bicultural competence) have been theorized to be central to the development and positive adjustment of U.S. Latinos, a group that represents a large segment of the country's population. In this comprehensive review, we examined empirical research on biculturalism among U.S. Latinos spanning four decades (1980-2020), with a focus on synthesizing the field's understanding of antecedents and consequents associated with biculturalism and identifying directions for future research. Our review of 152 empirical articles revealed that this literature was characterized by multiple approaches to the conceptualization (i.e., dual-cultural adaptation, dual-cultural identity, bicultural identity integration, and bicultural competence) and subsequent operationalization of biculturalism. Although each conceptualization has different implications for the conclusions that can be drawn regarding an aspect or facet of biculturalism and potential influence on adjustment, a significant majority (78%) of studies, across conceptualizations, provided evidence supporting a positive association between biculturalism and Latinos' adjustment. In addition, a relatively small body of qualitative work was identified, and findings largely informed potential antecedents of biculturalism. We review this literature with attention to: the aspects of biculturalism that are associated with Latinos' adjustment (i.e., psychosocial and physical health), how sample characteristics may limit the generalizability of this work, and important directions for future research both in terms of conceptualization and study design.
将传统（例如拉丁裔）和民族（例如美国）文化体系融入自我意识（即双文化认同），并培养成功应对这些体系相关要求的能力（即双文化能力），这被认为是美国拉丁裔群体发展和积极调整的核心，该群体代表了美国人口的很大一部分。在本次全面综述中，我们考察了 40 年来（1980-2020 年）美国拉丁裔群体的双文化主义实证研究，重点综合该领域对双文化主义相关前提和后果的理解，并确定未来研究方向。我们对 152 篇实证文章的回顾表明，该文献具有多种双文化主义概念化方法（即双重文化适应、双重文化认同、双文化认同整合和双文化能力）和随后的操作化。尽管每种概念化方法对可以从双文化主义的某个方面或方面得出的结论以及对调整的潜在影响都有不同的含义，但大多数（78%）的研究，无论概念化如何，都提供了证据支持双文化主义与拉丁裔调整之间的积极关联。此外，还确定了相对较少的定性工作，研究结果在很大程度上为双文化主义的潜在前提提供了信息。我们关注以下方面来审查这些文献：与拉丁裔调整相关的双文化主义方面（即心理社会和身体健康）、样本特征如何可能限制这项工作的普遍性，以及从概念化和研究设计两个方面来看未来研究的重要方向。
