Birman D
National Institute of Mental Health, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 1998 Jun;26(3):335-54. doi: 10.1023/a:1022101219563.
The present study investigated acculturation to the Hispanic and American cultures and self-perceptions of competence among 123 Latino immigrant adolescents. The study tested a contextual model of biculturalism by examining whether different acculturation styles predicted perceived competence in life spheres with different cultural demands. Perceived competence was assessed using Harter's (1988). Self-Perceptions of Competence Profile for Adolescents for the life spheres of school, peers (both Latino and non-Latino), and global self-worth. In addition, an analogous scale to assess perceptions of competence in the family was constructed for that sphere. The study found some support for a contextual model of acculturation. Acculturation to American culture predicted positive self-perceptions of competence with American peers, while acculturation to Hispanic culture predicted positive self-perceptions of competence with Latino peers. Perceived family competence, however, was predicted by acculturation to American rather than Hispanic culture. Results with respect to biculturalism are tentative, with a trend relating biculturalism to positive self-perceptions of global self-worth. However, because many of the conditions stipulated by the model were not met, results with respect to biculturalism raise questions about current approaches to operationalizing the construct.
本研究调查了123名拉丁裔移民青少年对西班牙文化和美国文化的文化适应情况以及他们的能力自我认知。该研究通过检验不同的文化适应方式是否能预测在具有不同文化要求的生活领域中的感知能力，来测试一种双文化主义的情境模型。感知能力是使用哈特（1988年）的《青少年能力自我认知量表》来评估的，涉及学校、同龄人（包括拉丁裔和非拉丁裔）以及总体自我价值等生活领域。此外，还构建了一个类似的量表来评估在家庭领域中的能力感知。该研究为文化适应的情境模型提供了一些支持。对美国文化的适应预测了与美国同龄人交往时积极的能力自我认知，而对西班牙文化的适应则预测了与拉丁裔同龄人交往时积极的能力自我认知。然而，感知到的家庭能力是由对美国文化而非西班牙文化的适应所预测的。关于双文化主义的结果是初步的，有将双文化主义与总体自我价值的积极自我认知联系起来的趋势。然而，由于该模型规定的许多条件未得到满足，关于双文化主义的结果引发了对当前构建该概念的操作方法的质疑。
