Yürük Armağan Aytuğ, Nergiz-Ünal Reyhan
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye.
Florence Nightingale Hemsire Derg. 2019 Feb 1;27(1):63-78. doi: 10.26650/FNJN346677. eCollection 2019 Feb.
Dietary sources of fructose are not only honey, fruit, sucrose, but also high fructose corn syrup in various foods and beverages. Total amount of daily fructose intake is rising by especially increasing use of high fructose corn syrup in the food industry. Fructose can lead to obesity by contributing to high-energy intake and lipogenesis in the body. Depending on the source of fructose, dose and duration, it was involved in de-novo lipid synthesis. Fructose may increase the risk of insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver and kidney diseases by affecting blood glucose and insulin levels. On the other hand, fructose may initiate inflammatory processes in the organism. In addition to these, fat or salt consisting typical western type diet with high fructose consumption, can increase the potential effect of fructose on chronic diseases. As a result, although it is not fully supported by clinical studies, it is thought that high amounts of fructose intake may increase the risk of chronic disease shown by experimental studies. Also it should be noted that beside high fructose, typical western-style high-fat and high-salt diet may increase the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and worsen metabolic syndrome parameters. Furthermore, synthetic fructose, is able to cause some adverse metabolic effects when taken in large amounts; consumption of high amounts of fructose by fruit or honey these negative effects can be either not seen or less observed based on the amount.
果糖的膳食来源不仅包括蜂蜜、水果、蔗糖，还包括各种食品和饮料中的高果糖玉米糖浆。由于食品工业中高果糖玉米糖浆的使用量不断增加，每日果糖摄入总量正在上升。果糖可通过导致体内高能量摄入和脂肪生成而导致肥胖。根据果糖的来源、剂量和持续时间，它参与了从头脂质合成。果糖可能通过影响血糖和胰岛素水平增加胰岛素抵抗、非酒精性脂肪肝和肾脏疾病的风险。另一方面，果糖可能引发机体的炎症过程。除此之外，含有高果糖的典型西式饮食中的脂肪或盐，会增加果糖对慢性病的潜在影响。因此，尽管临床研究并未完全证实，但实验研究表明，大量摄入果糖可能会增加患慢性病的风险。还应注意的是，除了高果糖外，典型的西式高脂肪、高盐饮食可能会增加肥胖、心血管疾病等慢性病的风险，并使代谢综合征参数恶化。此外，合成果糖大量摄入时会产生一些不良代谢影响；水果或蜂蜜中的大量果糖摄入可能不会出现这些负面影响，或者根据摄入量观察到的影响较小。
